Question 1

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral 
A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral

Question 2

All of the following characteristics of hormones except

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormones alter activity in target cells 
B)  Hormones interact specifically with receptors 
C)  Hormones are stable in blood until arrival at target cells 
D)  Hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream 
A)  Hormones alter activity in target cells 
B)  Hormones interact specifically with receptors 
C)  Hormones are stable in blood until arrival at target cells 
D)  Hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstream

Question 3

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone 
B)  insulin 
C)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone 
E)  thyroid hormone 
A)  growth hormone 
B)  insulin 
C)  thyrotropin-releasing hormone 
D)  thyroid-stimulating hormone 
E)  thyroid hormone

Question 4

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-paracrine

Accepted Answer

A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 5

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropathogen. 
B)  neurotransmitter. 
C)  neurocrine. 
D)  neurohormone. 
E)  neurosynthesizer. 
A)  neuropathogen. 
B)  neurotransmitter. 
C)  neurocrine. 
D)  neurohormone. 
E)  neurosynthesizer.

Question 6

Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model: (1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA.
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins.
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm)
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 5 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  All events occur in the nucleus. 
A)  1, 3, 5 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  All events occur in the nucleus.

Question 7

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced. 
B)  Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C)  Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D)  IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Ca2+ binds with calmodulin. 
A)  IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced. 
B)  Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C)  Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D)  IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Ca2+ binds with calmodulin.

Question 8

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral 
A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral

Question 9

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. What type of stimulation is this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  humoral 
B)  neural 
C)  hormonal 
D)  hypothalamic 
A)  humoral 
B)  neural 
C)  hormonal 
D)  hypothalamic

Question 10

A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence. (1) alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2) GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3) G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4) alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5) G-protein subunits bind to the receptor

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
C)  5, 2, 1, 4, 3 
D)  5, 4, 2, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2, 5 
A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
C)  5, 2, 1, 4, 3 
D)  5, 4, 2, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2, 5

Question 11

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine

Question 12

What do all hormones have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are made from amino acids. 
B)  They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. 
C)  They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell. 
D)  They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. 
E)  They are all lipid-soluble. 
A)  They are made from amino acids. 
B)  They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. 
C)  They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell. 
D)  They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. 
E)  They are all lipid-soluble.

Question 13

David has been feeling tired lately, and after having blood work completed, it shows elevated TSH, low iodine, and low thyroid hormone levels. Predict the possible cause from the choices below.

Accepted Answer

A)  David could possibly have a thyroid tumor. 
B)  David may have iodine deficiency that is causing his thyroid to produce too little thyroid hormone. 
C)  David could have a pituitary gland tumor. 
D)  Too little information is given to determine the cause. 
A)  David could possibly have a thyroid tumor. 
B)  David may have iodine deficiency that is causing his thyroid to produce too little thyroid hormone. 
C)  David could have a pituitary gland tumor. 
D)  Too little information is given to determine the cause.

Question 14

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  calcium 
C)  M protein 
D)  G protein 
E)  DNA 
A)  ATP 
B)  calcium 
C)  M protein 
D)  G protein 
E)  DNA

Question 15

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipid-soluble 
B)  protein 
C)  water-soluble 
D)  amino acid derivative 
A)  lipid-soluble 
B)  protein 
C)  water-soluble 
D)  amino acid derivative

Question 16

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except

Accepted Answer

A)  Eicosanoids 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Prostaglandins 
D)  Acetylcholine 
A)  Eicosanoids 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Prostaglandins 
D)  Acetylcholine

Question 17

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  up-regulation. 
B)  over-regulation. 
C)  down-regulation. 
D)  a lack of regulation. 
E)  modulation. 
A)  up-regulation. 
B)  over-regulation. 
C)  down-regulation. 
D)  a lack of regulation. 
E)  modulation.

Question 18

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  saponification. 
B)  amplitude-modulation. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  protein-binding. 
A)  saponification. 
B)  amplitude-modulation. 
C)  conjugation. 
D)  protein-binding.

Question 19

Hormones with short half-lives

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually lipid-soluble. 
B)  are maintained at relatively constant levels. 
C)  have concentrations that increase slowly. 
D)  regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration. 
E)  regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration. 
A)  are usually lipid-soluble. 
B)  are maintained at relatively constant levels. 
C)  have concentrations that increase slowly. 
D)  regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration. 
E)  regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.

Question 20

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of hormone secretion. 
B)  the identity of a hormone. 
C)  the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D)  the rate of action of a hormone. 
E)  the rate of travel through the blood to a target. 
A)  the rate of hormone secretion. 
B)  the identity of a hormone. 
C)  the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D)  the rate of action of a hormone. 
E)  the rate of travel through the blood to a target.

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

All of the following characteristics of hormones except

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Which of the following events occurs last?

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. What type of stimulation is this example?

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

What do all hormones have in common?

David has been feeling tired lately, and after having blood work completed, it shows elevated TSH, low iodine, and low thyroid hormone levels. Predict the possible cause from the choices below.

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Hormones with short half-lives

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

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