Question 1

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH...

Question 2

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  acute hormone secretion 
B)  episodic hormone secretion 
C)  chronic hormone secretion 
D)  long-term hormone secretion 
A)  acute hormone secretion 
B)  episodic hormone secretion 
C)  chronic hormone secretion 
D)  long-term hormone secretion

Question 3

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  the action of a substance other than a hormone. 
B)  the nervous system. 
C)  other hormones. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  the action of a substance other than a hormone. 
B)  the nervous system. 
C)  other hormones. 
D)  All of these choices are correct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 4

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased in number 
B)  decreased in number 
C)  chemically altered 
D)  moved 
E)  increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered 
A)  increased in number 
B)  decreased in number 
C)  chemically altered 
D)  moved 
E)  increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered

Question 5

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Accepted Answer

A)  a cascade effect. 
B)  a double loop effect. 
C)  a protein kinase effect. 
D)  a cyclic effect. 
E)  a negative feedback cycle. 
A)  a cascade effect. 
B)  a double loop effect. 
C)  a protein kinase effect. 
D)  a cyclic effect. 
E)  a negative feedback cycle.

Question 6

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 7

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  water-soluble 
B)  amino acid derivative 
C)  protein 
D)  lipid-soluble 
A)  water-soluble 
B)  amino acid derivative 
C)  protein 
D)  lipid-soluble

Question 8

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of cyclic AMP 
B)  activation of mRNA synthesis 
C)  increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes 
D)  opens membrane channels 
E)  alters membrane permeability 
A)  activation of cyclic AMP 
B)  activation of mRNA synthesis 
C)  increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes 
D)  opens membrane channels 
E)  alters membrane permeability

Question 9

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  attached to proteins 
B)  attached to carbohydrates 
C)  attached to amino acids 
D)  as free hormones 
A)  attached to proteins 
B)  attached to carbohydrates 
C)  attached to amino acids 
D)  as free hormones

Question 10

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine 
A)  paracrine 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  autocrine 
D)  endocrine

Question 11

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 12

Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

Accepted Answer

A)  can dissolve in the blood as free hormone 
B)  needs fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream 
C)  readily diffuses through capillary wall 
D)  rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream 
E)  may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life 
A)  can dissolve in the blood as free hormone 
B)  needs fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream 
C)  readily diffuses through capillary wall 
D)  rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream 
E)  may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life

Question 13

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 4 
A)  1, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 4

Question 14

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Accepted Answer

A)  ion channels could be opened. 
B)  IP3 may be activated. 
C)  cyclic AMP production may be increased. 
D)  DAG may be activated. 
E)  All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins. 
A)  ion channels could be opened. 
B)  IP3 may be activated. 
C)  cyclic AMP production may be increased. 
D)  DAG may be activated. 
E)  All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.

Question 15

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells. 
A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.

Question 16

In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  amplification 
B)  positive feedback 
C)  down-regulation 
D)  up-regulation 
A)  amplification 
B)  positive feedback 
C)  down-regulation 
D)  up-regulation

Question 17

Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormone A, which activates a G protein. 
B)  Hormone B, which binds to a nuclear receptor. 
C)  Hormone C, which stimulates the formation of a second messenger. 
D)  Hormone D, which activates adenylate cyclase. 
A)  Hormone A, which activates a G protein. 
B)  Hormone B, which binds to a nuclear receptor. 
C)  Hormone C, which stimulates the formation of a second messenger. 
D)  Hormone D, which activates adenylate cyclase.

Question 18

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Accepted Answer

A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model 
A) nuclear receptor model 
B) membrane-bound receptor model

Question 19

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone response element 
B)  transcription factor 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  intracellular mediator 
A)  hormone response element 
B)  transcription factor 
C)  messenger RNA 
D)  intracellular mediator

Question 20

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells. 
A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects:

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -receptor molecule interacts with DNA

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n) _____.

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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