Question 1

In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)  the sodium ions continue to enter the cell after depolarization is finished. 
B)  there is prolonged, elevated permeability to potassium during repolarization. 
C)  the sodium-potassium pump is actively exchanging ions across the membrane. 
D)  the extracellular Na+ ion concentration is reduced. 
E)  the permeability to sodium continues longer than necessary. 
A)  the sodium ions continue to enter the cell after depolarization is finished. 
B)  there is prolonged, elevated permeability to potassium during repolarization. 
C)  the sodium-potassium pump is actively exchanging ions across the membrane. 
D)  the extracellular Na+ ion concentration is reduced. 
E)  the permeability to sodium continues longer than necessary.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a neuroglia of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

A)  ependymal cells 
B)  satellite cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  astrocytes 
A)  ependymal cells 
B)  satellite cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  astrocytes

Question 3

An IPSP is inhibitory because it

Accepted Answer

A)  changes the threshold of the neuron. 
B)  hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  prevents Ca2+ entry into the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  changes the threshold of the neuron. 
B)  hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  prevents Ca2+ entry into the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 4

If the ECF around a nerve cell is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains potassium ions and other solutes at concentrations very close to the ECF concentrations of a normal cell, the result is

Accepted Answer

A)  no resting membrane potential. 
B)  hyperpolarized membrane. 
C)  depolarized membrane. 
D)  a resting membrane potential close to its normal value. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  no resting membrane potential. 
B)  hyperpolarized membrane. 
C)  depolarized membrane. 
D)  a resting membrane potential close to its normal value. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  microglia - provide support for the neuron cell body 
B)  astrocytes - blood-brain barrier 
C)  oligodendrocytes - form myelin sheaths 
D)  ependymal cells - produce cerebrospinal fluid 
E)  ependymal cells - choroid plexus 
A)  microglia - provide support for the neuron cell body 
B)  astrocytes - blood-brain barrier 
C)  oligodendrocytes - form myelin sheaths 
D)  ependymal cells - produce cerebrospinal fluid 
E)  ependymal cells - choroid plexus

Question 6

Neurotransmitter is being released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis. 
C)  An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  Neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft. 
E)  Neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis. 
C)  An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  Neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft. 
E)  Neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 7

Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors)

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent synaptic transmission. 
B)  enhance the breakdown of norepinephrine. 
C)  enhance the binding of norepinephrine to its receptors. 
D)  prevent the release of norepinephrine by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  have no effect on the action of norepinephrine. 
A)  prevent synaptic transmission. 
B)  enhance the breakdown of norepinephrine. 
C)  enhance the binding of norepinephrine to its receptors. 
D)  prevent the release of norepinephrine by the presynaptic terminal. 
E)  have no effect on the action of norepinephrine.

Question 8

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. 
D)  Ligand-gated sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. 
E)  Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell. 
A)  When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. 
D)  Ligand-gated sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. 
E)  Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell.

Question 9

In hyperpolarization

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ ions tend to diffuse out of the cell. 
B)  the plasma membrane's permeability to K+ decreases. 
C)  the resting membrane potential moves closer to zero. 
D)  Na+ ions enter the cell in large numbers. 
E)  the resting membrane potential becomes more positive. 
A)  K+ ions tend to diffuse out of the cell. 
B)  the plasma membrane's permeability to K+ decreases. 
C)  the resting membrane potential moves closer to zero. 
D)  Na+ ions enter the cell in large numbers. 
E)  the resting membrane potential becomes more positive.

Question 10

Most unipolar neurons are ____________ neurons.
sensory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most unipolar neurons are ____________ neurons.
sensory...

Question 11

Identify the correct sequence of information in a chemical synapse.

Accepted Answer

A)  Postsynaptic membrane; synaptic cleft; presynaptic terminal 
B)  Synaptic cleft; presynaptic terminal; postsynaptic membrane 
C)  Presynaptic terminal; postsynaptic membrane; synaptic cleft 
D)  Presynaptic terminal; synaptic cleft; postsynaptic membrane 
A)  Postsynaptic membrane; synaptic cleft; presynaptic terminal 
B)  Synaptic cleft; presynaptic terminal; postsynaptic membrane 
C)  Presynaptic terminal; postsynaptic membrane; synaptic cleft 
D)  Presynaptic terminal; synaptic cleft; postsynaptic membrane

Question 12

Match the term with the correct definition.
-repolarization

Accepted Answer

A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential 
A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential

Question 13

Identify structure "E" on the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon 
A)  Schwann cell 
B)  Node of Ranvier 
C)  neuron cell body (soma) 
D)  dendrites 
E)  axon

Question 14

White matter is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  ganglial sheaths. 
B)  bundles of myelinated axons. 
C)  collections of nerve cell bodies. 
D)  bundles containing both myelinated axons and nerve cell bodies. 
E)  collections of unmyelinated axons. 
A)  ganglial sheaths. 
B)  bundles of myelinated axons. 
C)  collections of nerve cell bodies. 
D)  bundles containing both myelinated axons and nerve cell bodies. 
E)  collections of unmyelinated axons.

Question 15

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane.
-postassium ions

Accepted Answer

A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels 
A) concentration of potassium 
B) concentration of sodium and chloride 
C) negatively charged proteins 
D) sodium/potassium pump 
E) plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels

Question 16

When a neuron releases a neuromodulator that _____ the release of neurotransmitters from another neuron, this is called presynaptic facilitation.

Accepted Answer

A)  summation 
B)  divergence 
C)  inhibition 
D)  facilitation 
E)  convergence 
A)  summation 
B)  divergence 
C)  inhibition 
D)  facilitation 
E)  convergence

Question 17

The division of the peripheral nervous system that transmits electrical impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS is the division of the peripheral nervous system transmits electrical impulses from the
CNS toward muscles and glands.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The division of the peripheral nervous system...

Question 18

A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  motor neuron 
B)  sensory neuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  efferent neuron 
E)  interneuron 
A)  motor neuron 
B)  sensory neuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  efferent neuron 
E)  interneuron

Question 19

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "C" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic vesicle 
D)  voltage-gated calcium channel 
E)  presynaptic terminal 
A)  postsynaptic membrane 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  synaptic vesicle 
D)  voltage-gated calcium channel 
E)  presynaptic terminal

Question 20

Synapses in which gap junctions allow ions to diffuse quickly from cell to cell are called ______ synapses.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical 
B)  electrical 
A)  chemical 
B)  electrical

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because

Which of the following is NOT a neuroglia of the CNS?

An IPSP is inhibitory because it

If the ECF around a nerve cell is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains potassium ions and other solutes at concentrations very close to the ECF concentrations of a normal cell, the result is

Which of the following is mismatched?

Neurotransmitter is being released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last?

Monamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors)

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

In hyperpolarization

Most unipolar neurons are ____________ neurons. sensory

Identify the correct sequence of information in a chemical synapse.

Match the term with the correct definition. -repolarization

Identify structure "E" on the neuron.

White matter is composed of

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane. -postassium ions

When a neuron releases a neuromodulator that _____ the release of neurotransmitters from another neuron, this is called presynaptic facilitation.

The division of the peripheral nervous system that transmits electrical impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS is the division of the peripheral nervous system transmits electrical impulses from the CNS toward muscles and glands.

A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a(n)____________.

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "C" represent?

Synapses in which gap junctions allow ions to diffuse quickly from cell to cell are called ______ synapses.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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