Exam 12: Individual Differences and Development

As __________ increases, __________ decreases.

Outline three definitions of intelligence. Describe one strength and one weakness of each definition.

An experimenter who gives a test to participants on one occasion, repeats the test on the same participants at a later date, and then correlates the scores is interested in

According to the nature theory, individual differences in intelligence can be traced to environmental factors.

Imagine that researchers have determined that exposure to a particular household chemical has an adverse effect on the cognitive development and later school performance of children. This would be evidence in support of

Searle argued against the possibility of strong AT. Describe his rationale and a hypothetical experiment that supports his argument.

The Turing test provides __________ for artificial intelligence.

Do you believe intelligence can be defined and measured? Why do you think that there is so much disagreement among psychologists as to what constitutes intelligence?

Cross-sequential designs

Analytical and empirical approaches to studying intelligence are best viewed as complementary rather than antagonistic.

Describe an experimental approach to study how the motivational goals of a person influence his or her intellectual performance. Do you think that all other things being equal, a child who is motivated will score higher on intelligence tests as an adult?

The imitation game is called the Turing test.

If a test is reliable then we know that it measures what it was intended to measure.

Regression artifacts are less of a problem when participant populations differ than when participants are randomly assigned to groups.

Subject variables, by definition,

One of the major issues in research on individual differences is the extent to which these differences are due to one's genetic endowment. Describe one research technique that attempts to determine how much of our intellectual ability is determined by genetics and how much by our environment. Explain the strengths and limitations of this technique.

The assumption that intelligence remains stable over short periods of time allows us to assess the reliability of intelligence tests.

The nurture view of individual differences in intelligence

Explain the major difference between a quasi-experiment and a true experiment. Give an example of a psychological variable that could be studied using either an experimental or a quasi-experimental design. What would be the advantages or disadvantages of each approach?

The empirical approach to the study of intelligence