Question 1

In longitudinal studies, age can be confounded with societal events that are unique to the time of test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Measurement error refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the results of mistakes made by the examiner during the testing procedure. 
B)  the mistakes made by the person taking a test. 
C)  random variability in scores that is outside the control of the researcher. 
D)  the variability in scores resulting from the manipulation of an independent variable. 
A)  the results of mistakes made by the examiner during the testing procedure. 
B)  the mistakes made by the person taking a test. 
C)  random variability in scores that is outside the control of the researcher. 
D)  the variability in scores resulting from the manipulation of an independent variable.

Question 3

The ability to form mental images was believed by _____ to be a component of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Binet 
B)  Wechsler 
C)  Galton 
D)  Pavlov 
A)  Binet 
B)  Wechsler 
C)  Galton 
D)  Pavlov

Question 4

The prenatal nutritive environment has never been shown to influence subsequent cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The fact that prenatal environment can influence a person's intelligence demonstrates that the environment plays an important role in intellectual development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Another term for predictive validity is

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability. 
B)  face validity. 
C)  regression to the mean. 
D)  criterion validity. 
A)  reliability. 
B)  face validity. 
C)  regression to the mean. 
D)  criterion validity.

Question 7

The main difference between the parallel forms and splite-half techniques for assessing reliability is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the parallel forms techniques involves testing participants on two separate occasions and the split-half technique does not. 
B)  items are arbitrarily divided for comparison in the parallel forms procedure but this is not true for the split-half technique. 
C)  a high positive correlation between scores reflects good reliability for the parallel forms procedure but a high negative correlation is indicative of good reliability for the split-half procedure. 
D)  split-half correlations reflect stability whereas parallel forms correlations do not. 
A)  the parallel forms techniques involves testing participants on two separate occasions and the split-half technique does not. 
B)  items are arbitrarily divided for comparison in the parallel forms procedure but this is not true for the split-half technique. 
C)  a high positive correlation between scores reflects good reliability for the parallel forms procedure but a high negative correlation is indicative of good reliability for the split-half procedure. 
D)  split-half correlations reflect stability whereas parallel forms correlations do not.

Question 8

Genetics and the environment interact during intellectual development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The primary difference between the analytical and empirical approaches to scientific investigation is that

Accepted Answer

A)  empirical approaches attempt to predict events on the basis of theoretical models. 
B)  analytical predictions are based on events accompanying the event of interest. 
C)  analytical approaches are guided by theory. 
D)  empirical approaches provide a deeper understanding of phenomena than do analytical approaches. 
A)  empirical approaches attempt to predict events on the basis of theoretical models. 
B)  analytical predictions are based on events accompanying the event of interest. 
C)  analytical approaches are guided by theory. 
D)  empirical approaches provide a deeper understanding of phenomena than do analytical approaches.

Question 10

Which of the following is true concerning cross-sectional designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They require that the same group of participants be tested over and over across a long period of time. 
B)  They are much less convenient to run than longitudinal studies. 
C)  They are likely to confound age with some other variable of interest. 
D)  They are less likely than longitudinal designs to be influenced by cohort effects. 
A)  They require that the same group of participants be tested over and over across a long period of time. 
B)  They are much less convenient to run than longitudinal studies. 
C)  They are likely to confound age with some other variable of interest. 
D)  They are less likely than longitudinal designs to be influenced by cohort effects.

Question 11

Regression artifacts are due to experimental manipulations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Often, psychologists are interested in the degree to which genetic and environmental factors play a role in determining intelligence, so they study twins raised in different homes and compare them with twins reared together. A potential problem with the interpretation of such results is that

Accepted Answer

A)  all pairs of children in the same household will not necessarily have equally similar experiences. 
B)  for the twins reared apart, there is a delay between birth and placement in foster homes which may span a critical learning period. 
C)  prenatal experiences are more similar for twins than for other children. 
D)  all of these 
A)  all pairs of children in the same household will not necessarily have equally similar experiences. 
B)  for the twins reared apart, there is a delay between birth and placement in foster homes which may span a critical learning period. 
C)  prenatal experiences are more similar for twins than for other children. 
D)  all of these

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a subject variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence 
B)  nationality 
C)  age 
D)  the ratio of women to men in a group 
A)  intelligence 
B)  nationality 
C)  age 
D)  the ratio of women to men in a group

Question 14

The study of individual differences

Accepted Answer

A)  has been actively studied by experimental psychologists. 
B)  began because of important practical decisions that had to be made about people. 
C)  is concerned with differences between individual groups in society. 
D)  concerns the effects of experimental manipulations on personality. 
A)  has been actively studied by experimental psychologists. 
B)  began because of important practical decisions that had to be made about people. 
C)  is concerned with differences between individual groups in society. 
D)  concerns the effects of experimental manipulations on personality.

Question 15

It is not possible to manipulate the motivational goals of a research participant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In a cross-sectional research designs, the same participants are repeatedly tested over the course of several years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Analytical approaches to scientific investigation are guided by theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

One way to avoid specific practice effects when assessing the reliability of a test is to use parallel forms of the test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The evaluation of machine intelligence by means of the Turing test involves a correlational approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The weak AI approach has generated far more controversy than the strong AI approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

In longitudinal studies, age can be confounded with societal events that are unique to the time of test.

Measurement error refers to

The ability to form mental images was believed by _____ to be a component of intelligence.

The prenatal nutritive environment has never been shown to influence subsequent cognitive development.

The fact that prenatal environment can influence a person's intelligence demonstrates that the environment plays an important role in intellectual development.

Another term for predictive validity is

The main difference between the parallel forms and splite-half techniques for assessing reliability is that

Genetics and the environment interact during intellectual development.

The primary difference between the analytical and empirical approaches to scientific investigation is that

Which of the following is true concerning cross-sectional designs?

Regression artifacts are due to experimental manipulations.

Often, psychologists are interested in the degree to which genetic and environmental factors play a role in determining intelligence, so they study twins raised in different homes and compare them with twins reared together. A potential problem with the interpretation of such results is that

Which of the following is NOT a subject variable?

The study of individual differences

It is not possible to manipulate the motivational goals of a research participant.

In a cross-sectional research designs, the same participants are repeatedly tested over the course of several years.

Analytical approaches to scientific investigation are guided by theory.

One way to avoid specific practice effects when assessing the reliability of a test is to use parallel forms of the test.

The evaluation of machine intelligence by means of the Turing test involves a correlational approach.

The weak AI approach has generated far more controversy than the strong AI approach.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

Exam 12: Individual Differences and Development

In longitudinal studies, age can be confounded with societal events that are unique to the time of test.

Measurement error refers to

The ability to form mental images was believed by _____ to be a component of intelligence.

The prenatal nutritive environment has never been shown to influence subsequent cognitive development.

The fact that prenatal environment can influence a person's intelligence demonstrates that the environment plays an important role in intellectual development.

Another term for predictive validity is

The main difference between the parallel forms and splite-half techniques for assessing reliability is that

Genetics and the environment interact during intellectual development.

The primary difference between the analytical and empirical approaches to scientific investigation is that

Which of the following is true concerning cross-sectional designs?

Regression artifacts are due to experimental manipulations.

Often, psychologists are interested in the degree to which genetic and environmental factors play a role in determining intelligence, so they study twins raised in different homes and compare them with twins reared together. A potential problem with the interpretation of such results is that

Which of the following is NOT a subject variable?

The study of individual differences

It is not possible to manipulate the motivational goals of a research participant.

In a cross-sectional research designs, the same participants are repeatedly tested over the course of several years.

Analytical approaches to scientific investigation are guided by theory.

One way to avoid specific practice effects when assessing the reliability of a test is to use parallel forms of the test.

The evaluation of machine intelligence by means of the Turing test involves a correlational approach.

The weak AI approach has generated far more controversy than the strong AI approach.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters