Question 1

Köhler's research on problem solving in chimpanzees

Accepted Answer

A)  involved problems which could be solved in a simple and direct fashion. 
B)  were analogous to Thorndike's puzzle box experiments. 
C)  involved problems for which there were no immediately obvious solutions. 
D)  emphasized its conceptual nature rather than its trial-and-error aspect. 
A)  involved problems which could be solved in a simple and direct fashion. 
B)  were analogous to Thorndike's puzzle box experiments. 
C)  involved problems for which there were no immediately obvious solutions. 
D)  emphasized its conceptual nature rather than its trial-and-error aspect.

Question 2

Current research and theory in thinking and problem solving

Accepted Answer

A)  reflect the influence of earlier animal research. 
B)  reflect the influence of Gestalt psychology. 
C)  are concerned with replication and reliability. 
D)  all of the these 
A)  reflect the influence of earlier animal research. 
B)  reflect the influence of Gestalt psychology. 
C)  are concerned with replication and reliability. 
D)  all of the these

Question 3

Thorndike's puzzle boxes

Accepted Answer

A)  were specially constructed to study problem solving in animals. 
B)  contained food as positive reinforcement. 
C)  were mazes that animals traveled through to obtain food. 
D)  were puzzles which had no solutions. 
A)  were specially constructed to study problem solving in animals. 
B)  contained food as positive reinforcement. 
C)  were mazes that animals traveled through to obtain food. 
D)  were puzzles which had no solutions.

Question 4

Do you think that the law of effect can explain how we solve problems? In which circumstances does it work? When does it not work?

Accepted Answer

The Law of Effect, formulated by Edward

Question 5

It is advisable to use verbal reports in conjunction with other behavioral measures rather than as the sole source of evidence for a phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The idea that incubation leads to insight is called the law of effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Holyoak's theory of structural consistency helps to specify the conditions under which analogous solutions are difficult or easy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

After obtaining an interesting result in an experiment on solving insight problems, an experimenter repeats the experiment three more times using different types of insight problems. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  direct replication. 
B)  systematic replication. 
C)  mapping. 
D)  functional fixedness. 
A)  direct replication. 
B)  systematic replication. 
C)  mapping. 
D)  functional fixedness.

Question 9

Briefly describe the research conducted by Thorndike and Köhler on problem solving. How did these two researchers differ in their approaches to this problem?

Accepted Answer

Thorndike and Köhler both conducted rese

Question 10

Describe Gick and Holyoak's theory of structural consistency, and explain how it accounts for the occurrence of analogical transfer.

Accepted Answer

Gick and Holyoak's theory of structural

Question 11

Reliability of results from a single experiment can be assessed using appropriate statistical analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The key to experimental replicability is the systematic manipulation or control of relevant variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The primary independent variable in problem solving research is

Accepted Answer

A)  the way in which the problem is presented. 
B)  the percentage of participants solving the problem. 
C)  the level of the participant's IQ. 
D)  the latency in solving the problem. 
A)  the way in which the problem is presented. 
B)  the percentage of participants solving the problem. 
C)  the level of the participant's IQ. 
D)  the latency in solving the problem.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of the feeling?of?knowing phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  People's judgments of their prospective ability to recognize the answer to a question are positively correlated with later recognition performance. 
B)  Even though people may not be able to produce the answer to a question, they are fairly good at predicting whether they could recognize it if it were later presented to them. 
C)  Although feeling-of-knowing performance is fairly good, it is far from perfect. 
D)  People tend to underestimate their knowledge. 
A)  People's judgments of their prospective ability to recognize the answer to a question are positively correlated with later recognition performance. 
B)  Even though people may not be able to produce the answer to a question, they are fairly good at predicting whether they could recognize it if it were later presented to them. 
C)  Although feeling-of-knowing performance is fairly good, it is far from perfect. 
D)  People tend to underestimate their knowledge.

Question 15

Experimenters using verbal reports as research tools

Accepted Answer

A)  can rely on them as the sole dependent measure in an experiment. 
B)  should continue to do so since verbal reports are perfectly correlated with performance. 
C)  may find the discrepancies between verbal reports and behavioral measures to be interesting in and of themselves. 
D)  find few discrepancies between people's verbal reports and more objective behavioral measures of cognitive processes. 
A)  can rely on them as the sole dependent measure in an experiment. 
B)  should continue to do so since verbal reports are perfectly correlated with performance. 
C)  may find the discrepancies between verbal reports and behavioral measures to be interesting in and of themselves. 
D)  find few discrepancies between people's verbal reports and more objective behavioral measures of cognitive processes.

Question 16

An experimenter's confidence in the reliability of a result

Accepted Answer

A)  increases with the number of observations on which it is based. 
B)  is highest when a between?subjects design is used?. 
C)  increases with the variability of the data. 
D)  decreases as the power of the statistical test used to assess the result increases. 
A)  increases with the number of observations on which it is based. 
B)  is highest when a between?subjects design is used?. 
C)  increases with the variability of the data. 
D)  decreases as the power of the statistical test used to assess the result increases.

Question 17

Statistical and experimental reliability mean the same thing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

__________ means that the elements that correspond in two problems are related to each other in a way that is not inconsistent with other mappings.

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct mapping 
B)  Indirect mapping 
C)  Structural consistency 
D)  Structural inconsistency 
A)  Direct mapping 
B)  Indirect mapping 
C)  Structural consistency 
D)  Structural inconsistency

Question 19

Verbal reports are accepted as dependent measures in psychological research since they are so unreliable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Verbal reports are unacceptable as behavioral evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Köhler's research on problem solving in chimpanzees

Current research and theory in thinking and problem solving

Thorndike's puzzle boxes

Do you think that the law of effect can explain how we solve problems? In which circumstances does it work? When does it not work?

It is advisable to use verbal reports in conjunction with other behavioral measures rather than as the sole source of evidence for a phenomenon.

The idea that incubation leads to insight is called the law of effect.

Holyoak's theory of structural consistency helps to specify the conditions under which analogous solutions are difficult or easy.

After obtaining an interesting result in an experiment on solving insight problems, an experimenter repeats the experiment three more times using different types of insight problems. This is an example of

Briefly describe the research conducted by Thorndike and Köhler on problem solving. How did these two researchers differ in their approaches to this problem?

Describe Gick and Holyoak's theory of structural consistency, and explain how it accounts for the occurrence of analogical transfer.

Reliability of results from a single experiment can be assessed using appropriate statistical analysis.

The key to experimental replicability is the systematic manipulation or control of relevant variables.

The primary independent variable in problem solving research is

Which of the following is NOT true of the feeling?of?knowing phenomenon?

Experimenters using verbal reports as research tools

An experimenter's confidence in the reliability of a result

Statistical and experimental reliability mean the same thing.

__________ means that the elements that correspond in two problems are related to each other in a way that is not inconsistent with other mappings.

Verbal reports are accepted as dependent measures in psychological research since they are so unreliable.

Verbal reports are unacceptable as behavioral evidence.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

Exam 11: Thinking and Problem Solving

Köhler's research on problem solving in chimpanzees

Current research and theory in thinking and problem solving

Thorndike's puzzle boxes

Do you think that the law of effect can explain how we solve problems? In which circumstances does it work? When does it not work?

It is advisable to use verbal reports in conjunction with other behavioral measures rather than as the sole source of evidence for a phenomenon.

The idea that incubation leads to insight is called the law of effect.

Holyoak's theory of structural consistency helps to specify the conditions under which analogous solutions are difficult or easy.

After obtaining an interesting result in an experiment on solving insight problems, an experimenter repeats the experiment three more times using different types of insight problems. This is an example of

Briefly describe the research conducted by Thorndike and Köhler on problem solving. How did these two researchers differ in their approaches to this problem?

Describe Gick and Holyoak's theory of structural consistency, and explain how it accounts for the occurrence of analogical transfer.

Reliability of results from a single experiment can be assessed using appropriate statistical analysis.

The key to experimental replicability is the systematic manipulation or control of relevant variables.

The primary independent variable in problem solving research is

Which of the following is NOT true of the feeling?of?knowing phenomenon?

Experimenters using verbal reports as research tools

An experimenter's confidence in the reliability of a result

Statistical and experimental reliability mean the same thing.

__________ means that the elements that correspond in two problems are related to each other in a way that is not inconsistent with other mappings.

Verbal reports are accepted as dependent measures in psychological research since they are so unreliable.

Verbal reports are unacceptable as behavioral evidence.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters