Question 1

What is incubation? Describe the research that has examined this issue. How would you go about investigating incubation?

Accepted Answer

Incubation refers to the phenomenon wher

Question 2

Between?subjects designs tend to produce data that are more variable than data obtained from within-subjects designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The power of a statistical test refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of the test to reject the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false. 
B)  the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, true. 
C)  the usefulness of the test in a wide variety of experimental designs. 
D)  the test-retest reliability of a psychological test. 
A)  the ability of the test to reject the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false. 
B)  the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, true. 
C)  the usefulness of the test in a wide variety of experimental designs. 
D)  the test-retest reliability of a psychological test.

Question 4

Adamson's research on functional fixedness shows that _________ is a more sensitive dependent measure than __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  latency; verbal report 
B)  percent correct; latency 
C)  latency; percent correct 
D)  verbal report; percent correct 
A)  latency; verbal report 
B)  percent correct; latency 
C)  latency; percent correct 
D)  verbal report; percent correct

Question 5

Gick and Holyoak (1980) found that the ability to solve a problem

Accepted Answer

A)  did not depend on the participant's having previously read the solution to a similar problem. 
B)  was dependent on the participant's being explicitly told to use the example as a hint in solving the problem. 
C)  was independent of whether participants had been told to use the story as a hint in solving the problem. 
D)  was unrelated to the participant's familiarity with similar problems. 
A)  did not depend on the participant's having previously read the solution to a similar problem. 
B)  was dependent on the participant's being explicitly told to use the example as a hint in solving the problem. 
C)  was independent of whether participants had been told to use the story as a hint in solving the problem. 
D)  was unrelated to the participant's familiarity with similar problems.

Question 6

Functional fixedness may hamper the solving of a problem. Explain this term and describe an experiment that supports the claim that it can have a negative effect on problem solving. What is the effect of verbalization and labeling on functional fixedness?

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias

Question 7

Metcalf's research on 'feelings of warmth' judgments, suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants are very accurate in judging when they are close to the solution of an insight problem. 
B)  the solutions to insight problems given when participants reported feeling close to a solution were more likely to be incorrect than correct. 
C)  insight problems are solved gradually, and not in a burst of insight. 
D)  people's subjective sense of whether they will solve a problem is very accurate. 
A)  participants are very accurate in judging when they are close to the solution of an insight problem. 
B)  the solutions to insight problems given when participants reported feeling close to a solution were more likely to be incorrect than correct. 
C)  insight problems are solved gradually, and not in a burst of insight. 
D)  people's subjective sense of whether they will solve a problem is very accurate.

Question 8

Metcalfe found that the 'feeling-of-warmth" ratings that participants gave as they attempted to solve a problem tended to follow an insight pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Distinguish between experimental and statistical reliability. Which of these is more important and why? How might the failure to replicate a result be an interesting contribution to knowledge about a phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Experimental reliability refers to the c

Question 10

In problem solving research, it is often necessary to use a between-subjects design in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid ceiling effects. 
B)  reduce the number of participants in the experiment. 
C)  reduce the variability of observations. 
D)  avoid carryover effects. 
A)  avoid ceiling effects. 
B)  reduce the number of participants in the experiment. 
C)  reduce the variability of observations. 
D)  avoid carryover effects.

Question 11

In a __________ replication, the experimenter may change the original procedure slightly by manipulating factors not varied in the original experiment and thus establish boundary conditions for the phenomenon in question.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct 
B)  analogical 
C)  systematic 
D)  conceptual 
A)  direct 
B)  analogical 
C)  systematic 
D)  conceptual

Question 12

Duncker's research on the box problem showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  very few participants were able to solve the problem in any condition. 
B)  participants were less likely to solve the problem if the boxes contained other objects than it the boxes did not contain other objects. 
C)  participants were more likely to solve the problem if the boxes contained buttons than if the boxes contained candles. 
D)  the functional fixedness effect was not reliable. 
A)  very few participants were able to solve the problem in any condition. 
B)  participants were less likely to solve the problem if the boxes contained other objects than it the boxes did not contain other objects. 
C)  participants were more likely to solve the problem if the boxes contained buttons than if the boxes contained candles. 
D)  the functional fixedness effect was not reliable.

Question 13

There is strong evidence that incubation plays an important role in problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When an experiment produces a statistically significant difference between conditions, we can be certain that the independent variable is responsible for the difference observed. 
B)  When an experiment is statistically reliable, we can be confident that the results will generalize to other situations. 
C)  Statistical reliability should be given more weight than experimental reliability. 
D)  Experimental reliability should be given more weight than statistical reliability. 
A)  When an experiment produces a statistically significant difference between conditions, we can be certain that the independent variable is responsible for the difference observed. 
B)  When an experiment is statistically reliable, we can be confident that the results will generalize to other situations. 
C)  Statistical reliability should be given more weight than experimental reliability. 
D)  Experimental reliability should be given more weight than statistical reliability.

Question 15

A feature common among studies of complex mental processes is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are often very few observations per experimental condition. 
B)  variability is often low. 
C)  statistical power is often high. 
D)  between-subjects designs are uncommon. 
A)  there are often very few observations per experimental condition. 
B)  variability is often low. 
C)  statistical power is often high. 
D)  between-subjects designs are uncommon.

Question 16

A ___________ replication is more similar to the original experiment than a _________ replication.

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic; direct 
B)  direct; conceptual 
C)  conceptual; direct 
D)  conceptual; systematic 
A)  systematic; direct 
B)  direct; conceptual 
C)  conceptual; direct 
D)  conceptual; systematic

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of the successful behavior exhibited by Thorndike's cats in escaping from puzzle boxes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It became more systematic with repeated trials. 
B)  It could initially be described as trial and error learning. 
C)  It seemed accidental during the first few trials 
D)  It showed the occurrence of a sudden insight into the solution of the problem. 
A)  It became more systematic with repeated trials. 
B)  It could initially be described as trial and error learning. 
C)  It seemed accidental during the first few trials 
D)  It showed the occurrence of a sudden insight into the solution of the problem.

Question 18

In their critique of the use of verbal reports as a source of data about the cognitive processes involved in a variety of different tasks, Nisbett and Wilson (1977) argued that

Accepted Answer

A)  People are often unable to given accurate reports of the factors which have influenced their behaviors. 
B)  Retrospective accounts by the participants of the ways in which they performed a task may provide valuable insights into the processes involved in doing the task. 
C)  Verbal reports are an accurate source of information about the factors involved in our behaviors, decisions, and emotions. 
D)  People have direct, introspective access to their cognitive processes. 
A)  People are often unable to given accurate reports of the factors which have influenced their behaviors. 
B)  Retrospective accounts by the participants of the ways in which they performed a task may provide valuable insights into the processes involved in doing the task. 
C)  Verbal reports are an accurate source of information about the factors involved in our behaviors, decisions, and emotions. 
D)  People have direct, introspective access to their cognitive processes.

Question 19

A result is said to be reliable if a repetition of the experimental procedure yields the same outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What are some of the factors that make experimental control more difficult in research on complex cognition? Describe one approach that has been used in problem solving research to address each of these control issues.

Accepted Answer

Experimental control in research on comp

What is incubation? Describe the research that has examined this issue. How would you go about investigating incubation?

Between?subjects designs tend to produce data that are more variable than data obtained from within-subjects designs.

The power of a statistical test refers to

Adamson's research on functional fixedness shows that _ is a more sensitive dependent measure than __.

Gick and Holyoak (1980) found that the ability to solve a problem

Functional fixedness may hamper the solving of a problem. Explain this term and describe an experiment that supports the claim that it can have a negative effect on problem solving. What is the effect of verbalization and labeling on functional fixedness?

Metcalf's research on 'feelings of warmth' judgments, suggests that

Metcalfe found that the 'feeling-of-warmth" ratings that participants gave as they attempted to solve a problem tended to follow an insight pattern.

Distinguish between experimental and statistical reliability. Which of these is more important and why? How might the failure to replicate a result be an interesting contribution to knowledge about a phenomenon?

In problem solving research, it is often necessary to use a between-subjects design in order to

In a __________ replication, the experimenter may change the original procedure slightly by manipulating factors not varied in the original experiment and thus establish boundary conditions for the phenomenon in question.

Duncker's research on the box problem showed that

There is strong evidence that incubation plays an important role in problem solving.

Which of the following is true?

A feature common among studies of complex mental processes is that

A ___ replication is more similar to the original experiment than a _ replication.

Which of the following is NOT true of the successful behavior exhibited by Thorndike's cats in escaping from puzzle boxes?

In their critique of the use of verbal reports as a source of data about the cognitive processes involved in a variety of different tasks, Nisbett and Wilson (1977) argued that

A result is said to be reliable if a repetition of the experimental procedure yields the same outcome.

What are some of the factors that make experimental control more difficult in research on complex cognition? Describe one approach that has been used in problem solving research to address each of these control issues.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

Exam 11: Thinking and Problem Solving

What is incubation? Describe the research that has examined this issue. How would you go about investigating incubation?

Between?subjects designs tend to produce data that are more variable than data obtained from within-subjects designs.

The power of a statistical test refers to

Adamson's research on functional fixedness shows that _________ is a more sensitive dependent measure than __________.

Gick and Holyoak (1980) found that the ability to solve a problem

Functional fixedness may hamper the solving of a problem. Explain this term and describe an experiment that supports the claim that it can have a negative effect on problem solving. What is the effect of verbalization and labeling on functional fixedness?

Metcalf's research on 'feelings of warmth' judgments, suggests that

Metcalfe found that the 'feeling-of-warmth" ratings that participants gave as they attempted to solve a problem tended to follow an insight pattern.

Distinguish between experimental and statistical reliability. Which of these is more important and why? How might the failure to replicate a result be an interesting contribution to knowledge about a phenomenon?

In problem solving research, it is often necessary to use a between-subjects design in order to

In a __________ replication, the experimenter may change the original procedure slightly by manipulating factors not varied in the original experiment and thus establish boundary conditions for the phenomenon in question.

Duncker's research on the box problem showed that

There is strong evidence that incubation plays an important role in problem solving.

Which of the following is true?

A feature common among studies of complex mental processes is that

A ___________ replication is more similar to the original experiment than a _________ replication.

Which of the following is NOT true of the successful behavior exhibited by Thorndike's cats in escaping from puzzle boxes?

In their critique of the use of verbal reports as a source of data about the cognitive processes involved in a variety of different tasks, Nisbett and Wilson (1977) argued that

A result is said to be reliable if a repetition of the experimental procedure yields the same outcome.

What are some of the factors that make experimental control more difficult in research on complex cognition? Describe one approach that has been used in problem solving research to address each of these control issues.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

Adamson's research on functional fixedness shows that _ is a more sensitive dependent measure than __.

A ___ replication is more similar to the original experiment than a _ replication.