Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes the problem of scale attenuation effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no such thing as perfectly good or perfectly bad performance. 
B)  The size of the intervals of a dependent measure are unequal when you approach the extreme ends of the scale. 
C)  It is impossible to determine whether there are differences among experimental conditions when performance is polarized at either the high or low end of the scale of the dependent measure. 
D)  Most of the dependent measures used to study memory are relatively unconstrained and thus allow for easy interpretation of performance levels. 
A)  There is no such thing as perfectly good or perfectly bad performance. 
B)  The size of the intervals of a dependent measure are unequal when you approach the extreme ends of the scale. 
C)  It is impossible to determine whether there are differences among experimental conditions when performance is polarized at either the high or low end of the scale of the dependent measure. 
D)  Most of the dependent measures used to study memory are relatively unconstrained and thus allow for easy interpretation of performance levels.

Question 2

Ebbinghaus coined the term "implicit memory."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Amnesics show impaired performance on free recall tests but not on recognition tests compared to normal control participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

If you were to study the effects of a particular independent variable on memory, but you suspect that, if there is an effect, the effect size will be very small, what method of testing memory would you choose? Why?

Accepted Answer

If I suspect that the effect size of the

Question 5

Ebbinghaus' savings measure revealed that information can be learned more quickly if it has been learned on a previous occasion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Scarborough (1972) could not draw any conclusions about differential forgetting in his auditory and visual presentation conditions because

Accepted Answer

A)  performance in the auditory and visual presentation conditions was equivalent across all retention intervals. 
B)  performance was virtually perfect in all conditions at the zero retention interval. 
C)  performance was poorer in the auditory than in the visual presentation condition at the longer retention intervals. 
D)  performance was poorer in the visual than in the auditory presentation condition at the longer retention intervals. 
A)  performance in the auditory and visual presentation conditions was equivalent across all retention intervals. 
B)  performance was virtually perfect in all conditions at the zero retention interval. 
C)  performance was poorer in the auditory than in the visual presentation condition at the longer retention intervals. 
D)  performance was poorer in the visual than in the auditory presentation condition at the longer retention intervals.

Question 7

An interaction is observed when the effect of one variable changes at different levels of a second variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables as stimuli in his memory experiments to minimize trials to criterion and maximize savings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The Brown-Peterson procedure is used to investigate _________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  iconic 
B)  short-term 
C)  long-term 
D)  implicit 
A)  iconic 
B)  short-term 
C)  long-term 
D)  implicit

Question 10

By studying the way that implicit and explicit memory tests interact with other variables, psychologists are gaining a better understanding of both normal and abnormal function. Present an argument in favor of this statement by describing research reported in the text.

Accepted Answer

One study reported in the text found tha

Question 11

A memory test in which participants recall items in any order they choose is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  yes/no recall test. 
B)  paired associate recall test. 
C)  free recall test. 
D)  serial recall test. 
A)  yes/no recall test. 
B)  paired associate recall test. 
C)  free recall test. 
D)  serial recall test.

Question 12

In psychological research, scale attenuation refers to situations in which

Accepted Answer

A)  a particular result will not generalize across several dimensions. 
B)  a measurement scale is too restricted to measure differences between conditions. 
C)  performance in two conditions is equivalent. 
D)  an independent variable has an effect that is the same at all levels of the second independent variable. 
A)  a particular result will not generalize across several dimensions. 
B)  a measurement scale is too restricted to measure differences between conditions. 
C)  performance in two conditions is equivalent. 
D)  an independent variable has an effect that is the same at all levels of the second independent variable.

Question 13

Ebbinghaus found that when he attempted to relearn a list that he had learned once before,

Accepted Answer

A)  he relearned the list faster the second time. 
B)  he showed no savings. 
C)  he needed more trials to reach criterion. 
D)  it took the same amount of time to learn as it did the first time. 
A)  he relearned the list faster the second time. 
B)  he showed no savings. 
C)  he needed more trials to reach criterion. 
D)  it took the same amount of time to learn as it did the first time.

Question 14

One CANNOT reduce problems of ceiling and floor effects by

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding the use of tasks that are too easy. 
B)  avoiding the use of tasks that are too difficult. 
C)  testing pilot participants to make sure that performance on a task will not be near the extremes of the scale. 
D)  making sure that pilot participants get nearly perfect scores when they are not being subjected to the experimental manipulation. 
A)  avoiding the use of tasks that are too easy. 
B)  avoiding the use of tasks that are too difficult. 
C)  testing pilot participants to make sure that performance on a task will not be near the extremes of the scale. 
D)  making sure that pilot participants get nearly perfect scores when they are not being subjected to the experimental manipulation.

Question 15

Psychologists do not need to concern themselves with the issue of generality of results as much as scientists in other disciplines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Explicit measures of memory include such tests as

Accepted Answer

A)  the savings method. 
B)  priming measures. 
C)  word fragment completion tasks . 
D)  serial recall. 
A)  the savings method. 
B)  priming measures. 
C)  word fragment completion tasks . 
D)  serial recall.

Question 17

The terms "implicit memory" and episodic memory" mean the same thing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Ebbinghaus measured forgetting as a function of retention interval and found that

Accepted Answer

A)  forgetting is very slow at first but then speeds up. 
B)  forgetting is rapid at first and the levels off. 
C)  the amount of forgetting decreases steadily with retention interval. 
D)  the amount of forgetting remains constant across all retention intervals. 
A)  forgetting is very slow at first but then speeds up. 
B)  forgetting is rapid at first and the levels off. 
C)  the amount of forgetting decreases steadily with retention interval. 
D)  the amount of forgetting remains constant across all retention intervals.

Question 19

An interaction between two variables can be caused by scale attenuation effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In a yes/no recognition test for a list of words, the dependent variable measure would NOT be

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of words recognized correctly. 
B)  the number of new words mistaken for words on the list learned. 
C)  the proportion of words on the list recognized during the test. 
D)  the number of words from the list that can be listed in the correct order. 
A)  the number of words recognized correctly. 
B)  the number of new words mistaken for words on the list learned. 
C)  the proportion of words on the list recognized during the test. 
D)  the number of words from the list that can be listed in the correct order.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the problem of scale attenuation effects?

Ebbinghaus coined the term "implicit memory."

Amnesics show impaired performance on free recall tests but not on recognition tests compared to normal control participants.

If you were to study the effects of a particular independent variable on memory, but you suspect that, if there is an effect, the effect size will be very small, what method of testing memory would you choose? Why?

Ebbinghaus' savings measure revealed that information can be learned more quickly if it has been learned on a previous occasion.

Scarborough (1972) could not draw any conclusions about differential forgetting in his auditory and visual presentation conditions because

An interaction is observed when the effect of one variable changes at different levels of a second variable.

Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables as stimuli in his memory experiments to minimize trials to criterion and maximize savings.

The Brown-Peterson procedure is used to investigate _________ memory.

By studying the way that implicit and explicit memory tests interact with other variables, psychologists are gaining a better understanding of both normal and abnormal function. Present an argument in favor of this statement by describing research reported in the text.

A memory test in which participants recall items in any order they choose is called a

In psychological research, scale attenuation refers to situations in which

Ebbinghaus found that when he attempted to relearn a list that he had learned once before,

One CANNOT reduce problems of ceiling and floor effects by

Psychologists do not need to concern themselves with the issue of generality of results as much as scientists in other disciplines.

Explicit measures of memory include such tests as

The terms "implicit memory" and episodic memory" mean the same thing.

Ebbinghaus measured forgetting as a function of retention interval and found that

An interaction between two variables can be caused by scale attenuation effects.

In a yes/no recognition test for a list of words, the dependent variable measure would NOT be

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

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Exam 10: Remembering and Forgetting

Which of the following statements best summarizes the problem of scale attenuation effects?

Ebbinghaus coined the term "implicit memory."

Amnesics show impaired performance on free recall tests but not on recognition tests compared to normal control participants.

If you were to study the effects of a particular independent variable on memory, but you suspect that, if there is an effect, the effect size will be very small, what method of testing memory would you choose? Why?

Ebbinghaus' savings measure revealed that information can be learned more quickly if it has been learned on a previous occasion.

Scarborough (1972) could not draw any conclusions about differential forgetting in his auditory and visual presentation conditions because

An interaction is observed when the effect of one variable changes at different levels of a second variable.

Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables as stimuli in his memory experiments to minimize trials to criterion and maximize savings.

The Brown-Peterson procedure is used to investigate _________ memory.

By studying the way that implicit and explicit memory tests interact with other variables, psychologists are gaining a better understanding of both normal and abnormal function. Present an argument in favor of this statement by describing research reported in the text.

A memory test in which participants recall items in any order they choose is called a

In psychological research, scale attenuation refers to situations in which

Ebbinghaus found that when he attempted to relearn a list that he had learned once before,

One CANNOT reduce problems of ceiling and floor effects by

Psychologists do not need to concern themselves with the issue of generality of results as much as scientists in other disciplines.

Explicit measures of memory include such tests as

The terms "implicit memory" and episodic memory" mean the same thing.

Ebbinghaus measured forgetting as a function of retention interval and found that

An interaction between two variables can be caused by scale attenuation effects.

In a yes/no recognition test for a list of words, the dependent variable measure would NOT be

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Attention and Reaction Time

Learning and Conditioning

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters