Question 1

The _________ refers to the difference among different astronomers estimation of the time and position of astral events.

Accepted Answer

A)  personal equation 
B)  simple reaction 
C)  choice reaction 
D)  subtractive logic 
A)  personal equation 
B)  simple reaction 
C)  choice reaction 
D)  subtractive logic

Question 2

Several possible reasons for the psychological refractory period are problems in identifying S2, selecting R2, or executing R2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In an experiment, confounding occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  more than one independent variable is manipulated. 
B)  an uncontrolled variable covaries with an independent variable. 
C)  an interaction occurs between two independent variables. 
D)  an interaction occurs between three or more independent variables. 
A)  more than one independent variable is manipulated. 
B)  an uncontrolled variable covaries with an independent variable. 
C)  an interaction occurs between two independent variables. 
D)  an interaction occurs between three or more independent variables.

Question 4

Donders' subtractive method involves introspection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Confounding occurs when an uncontrolled factor covaries or changes together with an independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In an experiment, an interaction can be obtained only when

Accepted Answer

A)  the experiment involves more than one independent variable. 
B)  the experiment involves more than one dependent variable. 
C)  the experiment confounds either two independent variables or two psychological processes. 
D)  the results depend upon the combination of the dependent variables. 
A)  the experiment involves more than one independent variable. 
B)  the experiment involves more than one dependent variable. 
C)  the experiment confounds either two independent variables or two psychological processes. 
D)  the results depend upon the combination of the dependent variables.

Question 7

Reaction time is rarely used as a dependent variable in research on attention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

One is protected from a speed-accuracy tradeoff when

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction time and accuracy rates are inversely related. 
B)  reaction time and accuracy rates are positively related. 
C)  accuracy measures are not reported. 
D)  reaction time measures are not reported. 
A)  reaction time and accuracy rates are inversely related. 
B)  reaction time and accuracy rates are positively related. 
C)  accuracy measures are not reported. 
D)  reaction time measures are not reported.

Question 9

A simple reaction time involves selecting one response from a set of responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Confounding can occur

Accepted Answer

A)  only in small n designs. 
B)  only in experiments with one independent variable. 
C)  only in factorial experiments. 
D)  in any experimental design. 
A)  only in small n designs. 
B)  only in experiments with one independent variable. 
C)  only in factorial experiments. 
D)  in any experimental design.

Question 11

Dependent variables must be carefully selected, and it is often useful to use more than one measure of behavior. Discuss the advantages of using multiple measures of a dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

Using multiple measures of a dependent v

Question 12

Speed-accuracy tradeoffs pose a problem whenever

Accepted Answer

A)  error rates are not systematically related to the independent variable. 
B)  there is no effect of the independent variable. 
C)  error rates increase as reaction time increases. 
D)  error rates increase as reaction time decreases. 
A)  error rates are not systematically related to the independent variable. 
B)  there is no effect of the independent variable. 
C)  error rates increase as reaction time increases. 
D)  error rates increase as reaction time decreases.

Question 13

The following reaction times were obtained for one participant: Donders A (simple) reaction task = 200 msec
Donders B (choice) reaction task = 350 msec
Donders C reaction task = 400 msec
Based on these reaction times, using Donders' subtractive method for estimating the time required for mental operations, how long would you estimate the identification process tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 msec 
B)  200 msec 
C)  150 msec 
D)  Using Donders' method, the identification time cannot be computed from these data. 
A)  50 msec 
B)  200 msec 
C)  150 msec 
D)  Using Donders' method, the identification time cannot be computed from these data.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT used in experiments on attention to increase the attentional demands of a task?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the number of stimuli to which the participant must attend 
B)  increasing the presentation rate of the stimuli shown to the participant 
C)  increasing the complexity of the stimuli shown to the participant 
D)  increasing the time allowed for the participant to make a response to a stimulus 
A)  increasing the number of stimuli to which the participant must attend 
B)  increasing the presentation rate of the stimuli shown to the participant 
C)  increasing the complexity of the stimuli shown to the participant 
D)  increasing the time allowed for the participant to make a response to a stimulus

Question 15

According to the assumption of pure insertion, a mental module can be added or deleted without altering the duration of the other modules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When the time between two signals to respond is very short, the response to the second stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  speeds up. 
B)  is more accurate. 
C)  slows down. 
D)  remains the same compared to longer intervals. 
A)  speeds up. 
B)  is more accurate. 
C)  slows down. 
D)  remains the same compared to longer intervals.

Question 17

The psychological refractory period refers to the ________ between the length of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and the speed of responding to a second stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  inverse relation 
B)  positive relation 
C)  direct relation 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  inverse relation 
B)  positive relation 
C)  direct relation 
D)  none of the above.

Question 18

There is a(n) ________ relation between speed and accuracy.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct 
B)  indirect 
C)  inverse 
D)  complex 
A)  direct 
B)  indirect 
C)  inverse 
D)  complex

Question 19

The use of trained introspection in psychological research

Accepted Answer

A)  is still considered a powerful tool for the study of cognitive processes. 
B)  is a widely used method in contemporary research on attention. 
C)  was used by early experimental psychologists to collect data on a person's conscious experience. 
D)  supported the use of Donders's subtractive method. 
A)  is still considered a powerful tool for the study of cognitive processes. 
B)  is a widely used method in contemporary research on attention. 
C)  was used by early experimental psychologists to collect data on a person's conscious experience. 
D)  supported the use of Donders's subtractive method.

Question 20

An experimenter obtained the following reaction times for three tasks: Task 1: 250 msec
Task 2: 350 msec
Task 3: 500 msec
Donders' subtractive method predicts that Task 1 is the ________ task, Task 2 is the ________ task, and Task 3 is the _________ task.

Accepted Answer

A)  A (simple) reaction; B (choice) reaction; C reaction 
B)  A reaction; C reaction; B reaction 
C)  B reaction; A reaction; C reaction 
D)  B reaction; C reaction; A reaction 
A)  A (simple) reaction; B (choice) reaction; C reaction 
B)  A reaction; C reaction; B reaction 
C)  B reaction; A reaction; C reaction 
D)  B reaction; C reaction; A reaction

The _________ refers to the difference among different astronomers estimation of the time and position of astral events.

Several possible reasons for the psychological refractory period are problems in identifying S2, selecting R2, or executing R2.

In an experiment, confounding occurs when

Donders' subtractive method involves introspection.

Confounding occurs when an uncontrolled factor covaries or changes together with an independent variable.

In an experiment, an interaction can be obtained only when

Reaction time is rarely used as a dependent variable in research on attention.

One is protected from a speed-accuracy tradeoff when

A simple reaction time involves selecting one response from a set of responses.

Confounding can occur

Dependent variables must be carefully selected, and it is often useful to use more than one measure of behavior. Discuss the advantages of using multiple measures of a dependent variable.

Speed-accuracy tradeoffs pose a problem whenever

Which of the following is NOT used in experiments on attention to increase the attentional demands of a task?

According to the assumption of pure insertion, a mental module can be added or deleted without altering the duration of the other modules.

When the time between two signals to respond is very short, the response to the second stimulus

The psychological refractory period refers to the ________ between the length of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and the speed of responding to a second stimulus.

There is a(n) ________ relation between speed and accuracy.

The use of trained introspection in psychological research

An experimenter obtained the following reaction times for three tasks: Task 1: 250 msec Task 2: 350 msec Task 3: 500 msec Donders' subtractive method predicts that Task 1 is the task, Task 2 is the task, and Task 3 is the _ task.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

Exam 8: Attention and Reaction Time

The _________ refers to the difference among different astronomers estimation of the time and position of astral events.

Several possible reasons for the psychological refractory period are problems in identifying S2, selecting R2, or executing R2.

In an experiment, confounding occurs when

Donders' subtractive method involves introspection.

Confounding occurs when an uncontrolled factor covaries or changes together with an independent variable.

In an experiment, an interaction can be obtained only when

Reaction time is rarely used as a dependent variable in research on attention.

One is protected from a speed-accuracy tradeoff when

A simple reaction time involves selecting one response from a set of responses.

Confounding can occur

Dependent variables must be carefully selected, and it is often useful to use more than one measure of behavior. Discuss the advantages of using multiple measures of a dependent variable.

Speed-accuracy tradeoffs pose a problem whenever

Which of the following is NOT used in experiments on attention to increase the attentional demands of a task?

According to the assumption of pure insertion, a mental module can be added or deleted without altering the duration of the other modules.

When the time between two signals to respond is very short, the response to the second stimulus

The psychological refractory period refers to the ________ between the length of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and the speed of responding to a second stimulus.

There is a(n) ________ relation between speed and accuracy.

The use of trained introspection in psychological research

An experimenter obtained the following reaction times for three tasks: Task 1: 250 msec Task 2: 350 msec Task 3: 500 msec Donders' subtractive method predicts that Task 1 is the ________ task, Task 2 is the ________ task, and Task 3 is the _________ task.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters

An experimenter obtained the following reaction times for three tasks: Task 1: 250 msec Task 2: 350 msec Task 3: 500 msec Donders' subtractive method predicts that Task 1 is the task, Task 2 is the task, and Task 3 is the _ task.