Question 1

Pashler argued that the psychological refractory period is a result of response selection difficulties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Describe Donders A, B, and C reactions and how they are used to examine the components of cognitive processing in Donders' subtractive method.

Accepted Answer

Donders A reaction refers to the simple

Question 3

The ability to shift one's focus of attention from one aspect of a stimulus to a different aspect is called cognitive control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In a Donders C reaction

Accepted Answer

A)  two stimuli are presented on separate trials, and the participant must make a different response to each stimulus. 
B)  two stimuli are presented on separate trials, but the participant must respond to only one of them. 
C)  one stimulus is presented on each trial, and the participant must respond to that stimulus on every trial. 
D)  one stimulus is presented on each trial, but the participant must alternate between two different responses on every trial. 
A)  two stimuli are presented on separate trials, and the participant must make a different response to each stimulus. 
B)  two stimuli are presented on separate trials, but the participant must respond to only one of them. 
C)  one stimulus is presented on each trial, and the participant must respond to that stimulus on every trial. 
D)  one stimulus is presented on each trial, but the participant must alternate between two different responses on every trial.

Question 5

If an experiment contains a confound, then

Accepted Answer

A)  it is very difficult to interpret the results of the experiment. 
B)  if the experiment is replicated with the confound removed, the results will differ from those of the original experiment. 
C)  the results are not replicable. 
D)  it is important to evaluate statistically the reliability of the results. 
A)  it is very difficult to interpret the results of the experiment. 
B)  if the experiment is replicated with the confound removed, the results will differ from those of the original experiment. 
C)  the results are not replicable. 
D)  it is important to evaluate statistically the reliability of the results.

Question 6

Simulus intensity can affect attention and reaction times.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The slowing of a response to the second of two stimuli presented in quick succession is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus onset asynchrony. 
B)  a Donders C reaction. 
C)  a speed-accuracy tradeoff. 
D)  the psychological refractory period. 
A)  stimulus onset asynchrony. 
B)  a Donders C reaction. 
C)  a speed-accuracy tradeoff. 
D)  the psychological refractory period.

Question 8

Stimulus onset asynchrony is a dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following represents a simple (Donders A) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  A receptionist's telephone has several buttons corresponding to different telephone numbers. When the telephone rings the receptionist responds by pressing the button that is flashing on and off. 
B)  When a resident of the apartment building rings a bell the security guard responds by pressing a button that opens the front door. If a nonresident rings the bell the guard does not let that person in the building. 
C)  When a bicyclist sees a stop sign he puts on his brakes to stop. 
D)  When the alarm clock goes off a person can either press the "snooze" button or else turn the alarm off. 
A)  A receptionist's telephone has several buttons corresponding to different telephone numbers. When the telephone rings the receptionist responds by pressing the button that is flashing on and off. 
B)  When a resident of the apartment building rings a bell the security guard responds by pressing a button that opens the front door. If a nonresident rings the bell the guard does not let that person in the building. 
C)  When a bicyclist sees a stop sign he puts on his brakes to stop. 
D)  When the alarm clock goes off a person can either press the "snooze" button or else turn the alarm off.

Question 10

Discuss some of the potential problems in research on attention that are associated with the following: (1) selection of independent and control variables; (2) selection and measurement of dependent variables; (3) preventing confounds; (4) speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Accepted Answer

1) Selection of independent and control

Question 11

A systematic way of examining one's own consciousness is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  priming. 
B)  channeling. 
C)  additive factors logic. 
D)  introspection. 
A)  priming. 
B)  channeling. 
C)  additive factors logic. 
D)  introspection.

Question 12

A confounding of variables makes the interpretation of the results clear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Explain what is meant by the assumption of pure insertion. Why is separate modifiability evidence for the validity of this assumption?

Accepted Answer

The assumption of pure insertion is a co

Question 14

When using the subtractive method, experimental manipulations are used to

Accepted Answer

A)  alter the quality of stages involved in a task. 
B)  alter the duration of stages. 
C)  alter the error rates. 
D)  add or delete stages. 
A)  alter the quality of stages involved in a task. 
B)  alter the duration of stages. 
C)  alter the error rates. 
D)  add or delete stages.

Question 15

When a confound exists in an experiment, it places restrictions on

Accepted Answer

A)  statements made about causation. 
B)  interpretations of the main effects. 
C)  interpretations of the interactions. 
D)  the statistical significance of the results. 
A)  statements made about causation. 
B)  interpretations of the main effects. 
C)  interpretations of the interactions. 
D)  the statistical significance of the results.

Question 16

An interaction occurs when the effects of an independent variable are the same across different levels of a second independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A speed-accuracy trade-off refers to the situation where the conditions that have the fastest reaction time also have the most errors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Subtracting the Donders' A reaction time from the Donders' C reaction time tells us how long response selection takes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

_______ is commonly used as a dependent variable in an experiment examining attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction time 
B)  Heart rate 
C)  Pupil diameter 
D)  Trained introspection 
A)  Reaction time 
B)  Heart rate 
C)  Pupil diameter 
D)  Trained introspection

Question 20

Briefly describe an experiment in which an interaction might be observed. Name the independent variables and how they are manipulated, and the dependent variable and how it is measured. Draw a graph or create a data table that illustrates the predicted interaction.

Accepted Answer

One experiment in which an interaction m

Pashler argued that the psychological refractory period is a result of response selection difficulties.

Describe Donders A, B, and C reactions and how they are used to examine the components of cognitive processing in Donders' subtractive method.

The ability to shift one's focus of attention from one aspect of a stimulus to a different aspect is called cognitive control.

In a Donders C reaction

If an experiment contains a confound, then

Simulus intensity can affect attention and reaction times.

The slowing of a response to the second of two stimuli presented in quick succession is known as

Stimulus onset asynchrony is a dependent variable.

Which of the following represents a simple (Donders A) reaction?

Discuss some of the potential problems in research on attention that are associated with the following: (1) selection of independent and control variables; (2) selection and measurement of dependent variables; (3) preventing confounds; (4) speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

A systematic way of examining one's own consciousness is known as

A confounding of variables makes the interpretation of the results clear.

Explain what is meant by the assumption of pure insertion. Why is separate modifiability evidence for the validity of this assumption?

When using the subtractive method, experimental manipulations are used to

When a confound exists in an experiment, it places restrictions on

An interaction occurs when the effects of an independent variable are the same across different levels of a second independent variable.

A speed-accuracy trade-off refers to the situation where the conditions that have the fastest reaction time also have the most errors.

Subtracting the Donders' A reaction time from the Donders' C reaction time tells us how long response selection takes.

_______ is commonly used as a dependent variable in an experiment examining attention.

Briefly describe an experiment in which an interaction might be observed. Name the independent variables and how they are manipulated, and the dependent variable and how it is measured. Draw a graph or create a data table that illustrates the predicted interaction.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

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Exam 8: Attention and Reaction Time

Pashler argued that the psychological refractory period is a result of response selection difficulties.

Describe Donders A, B, and C reactions and how they are used to examine the components of cognitive processing in Donders' subtractive method.

The ability to shift one's focus of attention from one aspect of a stimulus to a different aspect is called cognitive control.

In a Donders C reaction

If an experiment contains a confound, then

Simulus intensity can affect attention and reaction times.

The slowing of a response to the second of two stimuli presented in quick succession is known as

Stimulus onset asynchrony is a dependent variable.

Which of the following represents a simple (Donders A) reaction?

Discuss some of the potential problems in research on attention that are associated with the following: (1) selection of independent and control variables; (2) selection and measurement of dependent variables; (3) preventing confounds; (4) speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

A systematic way of examining one's own consciousness is known as

A confounding of variables makes the interpretation of the results clear.

Explain what is meant by the assumption of pure insertion. Why is separate modifiability evidence for the validity of this assumption?

When using the subtractive method, experimental manipulations are used to

When a confound exists in an experiment, it places restrictions on

An interaction occurs when the effects of an independent variable are the same across different levels of a second independent variable.

A speed-accuracy trade-off refers to the situation where the conditions that have the fastest reaction time also have the most errors.

Subtracting the Donders' A reaction time from the Donders' C reaction time tells us how long response selection takes.

_______ is commonly used as a dependent variable in an experiment examining attention.

Briefly describe an experiment in which an interaction might be observed. Name the independent variables and how they are manipulated, and the dependent variable and how it is measured. Draw a graph or create a data table that illustrates the predicted interaction.

Explanation in Scientific Psychology

Research Techniques: Observation and Correlation

Research Techniques: Experiments

Ethics in Psychological Research

How to Read and Write Research Reports

Psychophysics

Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Remembering and Forgetting

Thinking and Problem Solving

Individual Differences and Development

Social Psychology

Environmental Psychology

Human Factors

Experimental Psychology: A Historical Sketch

Statistical Reasoning: An Introduction

Filters