Question 1

The epithelial lining of the bladder passively stretches to accommodate a larger volume during bladder filling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

How does urine move from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters?

Accepted Answer

A)  by active transport 
B)  passively, by the force of gravity 
C)  by peristaltic contraction of the smooth muscle of the ureters 
D)  when the bladder empties and creates a negative pressure that pulls the urine to the bladder 
A)  by active transport 
B)  passively, by the force of gravity 
C)  by peristaltic contraction of the smooth muscle of the ureters 
D)  when the bladder empties and creates a negative pressure that pulls the urine to the bladder

Question 3

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-efferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 4

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal,which compensatory change in renal function occurs as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B)  afferent arteriolar vasodilation 
C)  reduction in GFR 
D)  efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
A)  afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction 
B)  afferent arteriolar vasodilation 
C)  reduction in GFR 
D)  efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction

Question 5

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What does tubular reabsorption NOT involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport 
B)  endocytosis 
C)  facilitated diffusion 
A)  active transport 
B)  endocytosis 
C)  facilitated diffusion

Question 7

The liver converts many foreign organic compounds into an anionic form that can be secreted by the organic anion secretory system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

By tubular secretion,substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In active reabsorption,all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What would decrease the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)  a fall in plasma protein concentration 
B)  an obstruction such as a kidney stone in the tubular system, which increases Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure 
C)  vasodilation of the afferent arterioles 
D)  a high hydrostatic pressure 
A)  a fall in plasma protein concentration 
B)  an obstruction such as a kidney stone in the tubular system, which increases Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure 
C)  vasodilation of the afferent arterioles 
D)  a high hydrostatic pressure

Question 11

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which statement concerning the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B)  The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid. 
A)  The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is freely permeable to H2O and NaCl. 
B)  The filtrate is isotonic as it enters the loop of Henle, hypertonic at the tip of the loop, and hypotonic as it leaves the loop of Henle. 
C)  The descending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports NaCl out of the tubule into the interstitial fluid.

Question 13

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-plays a critical role in the kidneys' ability to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes

Accepted Answer

A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle 
A) sodium reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules 
B) sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
C) sodium reabsorption coupled with chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle

Question 14

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-produced by the liver

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 15

Which statement is NOT attributable to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  ANP is released from the cardiac atria when the ECF volume is reduced. 
B)  ANP inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the distal parts of the nephron. 
C)  ANP inhibits renin secretion by the kidneys. 
D)  ANP inhibits aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. 
A)  ANP is released from the cardiac atria when the ECF volume is reduced. 
B)  ANP inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the distal parts of the nephron. 
C)  ANP inhibits renin secretion by the kidneys. 
D)  ANP inhibits aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex.

Question 16

Urea is passively reabsorbed down the osmotic gradient created by active Na⁺ reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which statement regarding the renal threshold is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time. 
B)  It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time. 
C)  It is the plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine. 
D)  It is the maximum amount of waste product that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time. 
A)  It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that can be excreted in the urine per unit of time. 
B)  It is the maximum amount of a particular substance that the tubular cells are capable of actively reabsorbing per unit of time. 
C)  It is the plasma concentration of a particular substance at which its Tm is reached and the substance first appears in the urine. 
D)  It is the maximum amount of waste product that can be concentrated in the urine per unit of time.

Question 18

Compare and contrast renal actions at the proximal and distal tubule.

Accepted Answer

The proximal and distal tubules are both

Question 19

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-glomerular filtration

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 20

The micturition reflex centre is located in the ____________________ region of the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The micturition reflex centre is located in...

The epithelial lining of the bladder passively stretches to accommodate a larger volume during bladder filling.

How does urine move from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -efferent arteriole

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal,which compensatory change in renal function occurs as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

What does tubular reabsorption NOT involve?

The liver converts many foreign organic compounds into an anionic form that can be secreted by the organic anion secretory system.

By tubular secretion,substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

In active reabsorption,all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

What would decrease the GFR?

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Which statement concerning the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -plays a critical role in the kidneys' ability to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -produced by the liver

Which statement is NOT attributable to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Urea is passively reabsorbed down the osmotic gradient created by active Na⁺ reabsorption.

Which statement regarding the renal threshold is correct?

Compare and contrast renal actions at the proximal and distal tubule.

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -glomerular filtration

The micturition reflex centre is located in the ____________________ region of the spinal cord.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 12: The Urinary System

The epithelial lining of the bladder passively stretches to accommodate a larger volume during bladder filling.

How does urine move from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -efferent arteriole

When arterial blood pressure is elevated above normal,which compensatory change in renal function occurs as a result of the baroreceptor reflex?

Twenty-five percent of the cardiac output goes to the kidneys because of their tremendous nutrient requirement for the active transport of Na⁺.

What does tubular reabsorption NOT involve?

The liver converts many foreign organic compounds into an anionic form that can be secreted by the organic anion secretory system.

By tubular secretion,substances leave the blood and enter the tubular portion of the nephron.

In active reabsorption,all of the steps involved in transepithelial transport are active.

What would decrease the GFR?

Only juxtamedullary nephrons contain a juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Which statement concerning the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is correct?

Match the correct statement about sodium reabsorption by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -plays a critical role in the kidneys' ability to produce urine of varying concentrations and volumes

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -produced by the liver

Which statement is NOT attributable to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Urea is passively reabsorbed down the osmotic gradient created by active Na⁺ reabsorption.

Which statement regarding the renal threshold is correct?

Compare and contrast renal actions at the proximal and distal tubule.

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -glomerular filtration

The micturition reflex centre is located in the ____________________ region of the spinal cord.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters