Question 1

Which statement regarding tubular maximum (Tm)is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period. 
B)  It is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus. 
C)  It occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated. 
A)  It is the maximum amount of a substance that the tubular cells can actively transport within a given time period. 
B)  It is the maximum rate at which a substance is filtered at the glomerulus. 
C)  It occurs when the membrane carrier becomes saturated.

Question 2

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-a reduction in total Na⁺ load in the body

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in Na+ reabsorption 
B) a decrease in Na+ reabsorption 
A) an increase in Na+ reabsorption 
B) a decrease in Na+ reabsorption

Question 3

Which statement is NOT true for potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is secreted in the proximal tubule. 
B)  It is actively secreted in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  Its secretion is controlled by aldosterone. 
A)  It is secreted in the proximal tubule. 
B)  It is actively secreted in the distal and collecting tubules. 
C)  Its secretion is controlled by aldosterone.

Question 4

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-tubular secretion

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 5

The clearance rate for a substance that is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed is greater than the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which statement regarding atrial natriuretic peptide is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is secreted by the heart when atrial pressure is high. 
B)  It results in decreased glomerular filtration rate. 
C)  It inhibits aldosterone activity. 
A)  It is secreted by the heart when atrial pressure is high. 
B)  It results in decreased glomerular filtration rate. 
C)  It inhibits aldosterone activity.

Question 8

The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which statement is NOT true for micturition?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the process of emptying the bladder. 
B)  It is a sympathetic reflex. 
C)  It is initiated when stretch receptors in the bladder wall are excited. 
A)  It is the process of emptying the bladder. 
B)  It is a sympathetic reflex. 
C)  It is initiated when stretch receptors in the bladder wall are excited.

Question 10

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion are highly selective processes,whereas glomerular filtration is not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) has no effect on

Question 12

One can deliberately prevent urination in spite of the micturition reflex by voluntarily inhibiting the parasympathetic supply to the bladder to halt bladder contraction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Because of countercurrent multiplication,the loop of Henle is able to establish a vertical osmotic gradient in the renal medulla ranging from 300 to 1,200 mosm/litre,despite the fact that the active salt pump of the ascending limb is able to produce only a 200 mosm/litre osmotic gradient at each horizontal level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Where are the osmoreceptors contributing to water balance located?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  renal cortex 
A)  adrenal cortex 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
D)  renal cortex

Question 16

Why is tubular secretion important?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is involved in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  It is for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body. 
C)  It is in the renal regulation of sodium balance. 
D)  for glucose secretion. 
A)  It is involved in the renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration. 
B)  It is for the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body. 
C)  It is in the renal regulation of sodium balance. 
D)  for glucose secretion.

Question 17

Which statement with regards to vasopressin is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  It increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water. 
C)  Its secretion is stimulated by a water deficit in the body. 
A)  It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  It increases the permeability of the distal and collecting tubules to water. 
C)  Its secretion is stimulated by a water deficit in the body.

Question 18

____________________ is increased urinary output of H₂O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; ____________________ refers to increased excretion of both H₂O and solutes.

Accepted Answer

Water diur

Question 19

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O,solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which statement regarding tubular maximum (Tm)is NOT true?

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -a reduction in total Na⁺ load in the body

Which statement is NOT true for potassium?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -tubular secretion

The clearance rate for a substance that is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed is greater than the GFR.

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Which statement regarding atrial natriuretic peptide is NOT true?

The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration.

Which statement is NOT true for micturition?

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion are highly selective processes,whereas glomerular filtration is not.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.

One can deliberately prevent urination in spite of the micturition reflex by voluntarily inhibiting the parasympathetic supply to the bladder to halt bladder contraction.

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

Where are the osmoreceptors contributing to water balance located?

Why is tubular secretion important?

Which statement with regards to vasopressin is NOT true?

is increased urinary output of H₂O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; refers to increased excretion of both H₂O and solutes.

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O,solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O reabsorption.

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

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Exam 12: The Urinary System

Which statement regarding tubular maximum (Tm)is NOT true?

Indicate whether the factor in question would ultimately lead to an increase or a decrease in Na⁺ reabsorption by means of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -a reduction in total Na⁺ load in the body

Which statement is NOT true for potassium?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -tubular secretion

The clearance rate for a substance that is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed is greater than the GFR.

Aldosterone promotes water reabsorption by controlling the reabsorption of salt.

Which statement regarding atrial natriuretic peptide is NOT true?

The Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure opposes filtration.

Which statement is NOT true for micturition?

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion are highly selective processes,whereas glomerular filtration is not.

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.

One can deliberately prevent urination in spite of the micturition reflex by voluntarily inhibiting the parasympathetic supply to the bladder to halt bladder contraction.

Transepithelial transport occurs only for substances that are actively reabsorbed.

Where are the osmoreceptors contributing to water balance located?

Why is tubular secretion important?

Which statement with regards to vasopressin is NOT true?

____________________ is increased urinary output of H₂O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; ____________________ refers to increased excretion of both H₂O and solutes.

In the tubular segments permeable to H₂O,solute reabsorption is always accompanied by comparable H₂O reabsorption.

Urine moves from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through the ureters passively by the force of gravity.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

is increased urinary output of H₂O with little or no increase in excretion of solutes; refers to increased excretion of both H₂O and solutes.