Question 1

Which statement is correct concerning glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a plasma-free blood. 
B)  It is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane. 
C)  It does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead. 
D)  Its rate is increased by increased plasma protein level. 
A)  It is a plasma-free blood. 
B)  It is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane. 
C)  It does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead. 
D)  Its rate is increased by increased plasma protein level.

Question 2

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by using the answer code:
-filtered and passively reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

A) K+ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H+ 
A) K+ 
B) glucose 
C) inulin 
D) plasma protein 
E) urea
F)H+

Question 3

a substance is reabsorbed,it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which mechanism is NOT responsible for producing concentrated urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The juxtamedullary nephrons become active. 
B)  The countercurrent mechanism pulls out much water. 
C)  ANP causes facultative water reabsorption in distal tubule. 
A)  The juxtamedullary nephrons become active. 
B)  The countercurrent mechanism pulls out much water. 
C)  ANP causes facultative water reabsorption in distal tubule.

Question 6

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all):
-stimulates K⁺ secretion by the distal and collecting tubules

Accepted Answer

A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide 
A) renin 
B) angiotensinogen 
C) angiotensin I 
D) angiotensin II 
E) aldosterone
F)atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 7

The energy-dependent step in Na⁺ reabsorption involves the ____________________ located at the ____________________ membrane of the tubular cell.

Accepted Answer

Na⁺-K⁺ pum

Question 8

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

Accepted Answer

Urinary in

Question 9

If a kidney stone blocked the renal pelvis and consequently caused a buildup of fluid pressure in the tubules and Bowman's capsule,the net filtration pressure across the glomerular capillary membrane would increase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What stimulates sodium reabsorption in the distal portions of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  angiotensin II 
D)  aldosterone 
A)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  angiotensin II 
D)  aldosterone

Question 11

Which statement is NOT a step in transepithelial transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of the substance through the cytosol of the tubular cell 
B)  movement of the substance across the glomerular capillary wall 
C)  movement of the substance across the luminal membrane of the tubular cell 
D)  movement of the substance through the interstitial fluid 
A)  movement of the substance through the cytosol of the tubular cell 
B)  movement of the substance across the glomerular capillary wall 
C)  movement of the substance across the luminal membrane of the tubular cell 
D)  movement of the substance through the interstitial fluid

Question 12

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-nephron

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 13

Which statement about Na⁺ reabsorption is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses 80 percent of the energy requirement of the kidney. 
B)  It is under control of the hormone aldosterone in the distal portions of the nephron. 
C)  It is not linked to the reabsorption of amino acids and urea. 
A)  It uses 80 percent of the energy requirement of the kidney. 
B)  It is under control of the hormone aldosterone in the distal portions of the nephron. 
C)  It is not linked to the reabsorption of amino acids and urea.

Question 14

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 15

The driving force for H₂O reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What is/are NOT the function/s of peritubular capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  They drain into glomeruli. 
B)  They take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules. 
C)  They supply substances that are secreted by the tubules. 
A)  They drain into glomeruli. 
B)  They take up the substances that are reabsorbed by the tubules. 
C)  They supply substances that are secreted by the tubules.

Question 17

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here 
A) collecting tubules empty into this structure 
B) stores the urine 
C) passage of substances from the peritubular into the tubular lumen 
D) carries blood to the glomerulus 
E) tuft of capillaries that forms the filtrate
F)passage of protein-free plasma into Bowman's capsule
G)urine is forced through this structure by peristalsis
H)collects the glomerular filtrate
I)passage of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillaries
J)functional unit of the kidney
K)supplies the renal tissue with O2 and nutrients
L)carries blood from one capillary network to another capillary network
M)tube through which urine leaves the body
N)variable water and sodium reabsorption occur here under hormonal control
O)responsible for the vertical osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidney
P)glucose and amino acid reabsorption occur here

Question 18

Which statement with regards to vasopressin is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body. 
B)  It activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells. 
C)  It renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  It increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron. 
A)  It can completely halt urine production during periods of water deprivation to conserve water for the body. 
B)  It activates the cyclic AMP second-messenger system within the tubular cells. 
C)  It renders the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water. 
D)  It increases Na+ reabsorption by the distal portions of the nephron.

Question 19

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________,indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

antidiuret

Question 20

Angiotensinogen is produced by the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which statement is correct concerning glomerular filtrate?

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by using the answer code: -filtered and passively reabsorbed

a substance is reabsorbed,it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Which mechanism is NOT responsible for producing concentrated urine?

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -stimulates K⁺ secretion by the distal and collecting tubules

The energy-dependent step in Na⁺ reabsorption involves the located at the membrane of the tubular cell.

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

If a kidney stone blocked the renal pelvis and consequently caused a buildup of fluid pressure in the tubules and Bowman's capsule,the net filtration pressure across the glomerular capillary membrane would increase.

What stimulates sodium reabsorption in the distal portions of the nephron?

Which statement is NOT a step in transepithelial transport?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -nephron

Which statement about Na⁺ reabsorption is INCORRECT?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -tubular reabsorption

The driving force for H₂O reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient.

What is/are NOT the function/s of peritubular capillaries?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -loop of Henle

Which statement with regards to vasopressin is correct?

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________,indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Angiotensinogen is produced by the kidney.

The Foundation of Physiology

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The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

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Cardiac Physiology

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The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

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The Endocrine Glands

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Exam 12: The Urinary System

Which statement is correct concerning glomerular filtrate?

Indicate which substance in the top column undergoes the process in the lower column by using the answer code: -filtered and passively reabsorbed

a substance is reabsorbed,it moves from the tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries.

The glomerular capillary wall contains filtration slits formed by the clefts between the foot processes of adjacent podocytes.

Which mechanism is NOT responsible for producing concentrated urine?

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all): -stimulates K⁺ secretion by the distal and collecting tubules

The energy-dependent step in Na⁺ reabsorption involves the ____________________ located at the ____________________ membrane of the tubular cell.

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

If a kidney stone blocked the renal pelvis and consequently caused a buildup of fluid pressure in the tubules and Bowman's capsule,the net filtration pressure across the glomerular capillary membrane would increase.

What stimulates sodium reabsorption in the distal portions of the nephron?

Which statement is NOT a step in transepithelial transport?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -nephron

Which statement about Na⁺ reabsorption is INCORRECT?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -tubular reabsorption

The driving force for H₂O reabsorption across all permeable segments of the kidney tubule is an osmotic gradient.

What is/are NOT the function/s of peritubular capillaries?

Match the renal structure or activity with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -loop of Henle

Which statement with regards to vasopressin is correct?

Vasopressin is also known as ____________________,indicative of its effect on the kidneys.

Angiotensinogen is produced by the kidney.

The Foundation of Physiology

Cell Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

Principals of Endocrinology; The Central Endocrine Glands

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

Vascular Physiology

The Blood

Body Defences

The Respiratory System

Fluid and Acid Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

The energy-dependent step in Na⁺ reabsorption involves the located at the membrane of the tubular cell.