Question 1

Which of the following is the best example of a dynamic system?

Accepted Answer

A) the sucking reflex 
B) the stepping reflex 
C) the blinking reflex 
D) the flinching reflex 
A) the sucking reflex 
B) the stepping reflex 
C) the blinking reflex 
D) the flinching reflex

Question 2

Who proposed ecological systems theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Bronfenbrenner 
B) Skinner 
C) Vygotsky 
D) Erikson 
A) Bronfenbrenner 
B) Skinner 
C) Vygotsky 
D) Erikson

Question 3

A mother teaching her daughter how to put together a puzzle by making suggestions and asking leading questions is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a collaborative dialogue. 
B) a narrative. 
C) guided participation. 
D) a cohort effect. 
A) a collaborative dialogue. 
B) a narrative. 
C) guided participation. 
D) a cohort effect.

Question 4

An important aspect of a scientific theory is that

Accepted Answer

A) it explains something newly discovered. 
B) it can be proved. 
C) it can be disproved. 
D) is it subjective. 
A) it explains something newly discovered. 
B) it can be proved. 
C) it can be disproved. 
D) is it subjective.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of meta-theories?

Accepted Answer

A) They are rooted in classical theories. 
B) They are broad in scope. 
C) They are the most widely accepted theories today. 
D) They have very specific focuses. 
A) They are rooted in classical theories. 
B) They are broad in scope. 
C) They are the most widely accepted theories today. 
D) They have very specific focuses.

Question 6

In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, a culture's tools guide its members'

Accepted Answer

A) thinking and problem-solving skills. 
B) emotional development. 
C) socialization. 
D) evolution to higher-level processes. 
A) thinking and problem-solving skills. 
B) emotional development. 
C) socialization. 
D) evolution to higher-level processes.

Question 7

The history of human cultural inventions

Accepted Answer

A) has continued at a steady pace for 10,000 years. 
B) has increased most dramatically over the past two centuries. 
C) began with the agricultural age. 
D) was most rapid during the period of the invention of stone tools. 
A) has continued at a steady pace for 10,000 years. 
B) has increased most dramatically over the past two centuries. 
C) began with the agricultural age. 
D) was most rapid during the period of the invention of stone tools.

Question 8

Which of the following do mechanistic theories not include?

Accepted Answer

A) learning theories of development 
B) Bandura's social learning/social cognitive theory 
C) information-processing approaches to development 
D) Piaget's theory of cognitive development. 
A) learning theories of development 
B) Bandura's social learning/social cognitive theory 
C) information-processing approaches to development 
D) Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 9

The theory of natural selection applies

Accepted Answer

A) to physical traits and behavior. 
B) to physical traits only. 
C) to behavior only. 
D) to neither physical traits nor behavior. 
A) to physical traits and behavior. 
B) to physical traits only. 
C) to behavior only. 
D) to neither physical traits nor behavior.

Question 10

Which of Piaget's stages of development are characterized by intelligence being symbolic and logical?

Accepted Answer

A) the sensorimotoral period 
B) the preoperational period 
C) the concrete operational period 
D) the formal operational period 
A) the sensorimotoral period 
B) the preoperational period 
C) the concrete operational period 
D) the formal operational period

Question 11

The following statement describes experimental results of which of the following: "Behaviors that are reinforced by positive outcomes increase in frequency, whereas behaviors that are followed by negative outcomes decrease in frequency"?

Accepted Answer

A) Vygotsky 
B) Erikson 
C) Skinner 
D) Bronfenbrenner 
A) Vygotsky 
B) Erikson 
C) Skinner 
D) Bronfenbrenner

Question 12

Cognitive abilities that can be applied across domains are called

Accepted Answer

A) domain-specific mechanisms. 
B) domain-general mechanisms. 
C) domain-intensive mechanisms. 
D) domain-oriented mechanisms. 
A) domain-specific mechanisms. 
B) domain-general mechanisms. 
C) domain-intensive mechanisms. 
D) domain-oriented mechanisms.

Question 13

Which of the following is a by-product of an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A) The belly button is a by-product of an umbilical cord. 
B) The umbilical cord is a by-product of a belly button. 
C) The toes are a byproduct of humans walking upright. 
D) Humans walking upright is a by-product of the toes. 
A) The belly button is a by-product of an umbilical cord. 
B) The umbilical cord is a by-product of a belly button. 
C) The toes are a byproduct of humans walking upright. 
D) Humans walking upright is a by-product of the toes.

Question 14

The following statement is a definition of which of the following: "Individuals with traits that fit well with the local environment are more likely to survive or have more offspring than individuals whose traits do not fit as well with the local environment"?

Accepted Answer

A) superfecundity 
B) natural selection 
C) variation 
D) plasticity 
A) superfecundity 
B) natural selection 
C) variation 
D) plasticity

Question 15

The preoperational period in Piaget's theory occurs between the ages of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) 0-2 years of age 
B) 2-7 years of age 
C) 7-11 years of age 
D) 11-16 years of age 
A) 0-2 years of age 
B) 2-7 years of age 
C) 7-11 years of age 
D) 11-16 years of age

Question 16

Which of the following does shared memory not promote?

Accepted Answer

A) social solidarity 
B) children's learning about memory processes 
C) children's learning memorization techniques 
D) children's learning about their social and cultural history 
A) social solidarity 
B) children's learning about memory processes 
C) children's learning memorization techniques 
D) children's learning about their social and cultural history

Question 17

In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, which of the following was the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) food 
B) bells and buzzers 
C) the dogs' salivating 
D) the dogs' behavior 
A) food 
B) bells and buzzers 
C) the dogs' salivating 
D) the dogs' behavior

Question 18

One emphasis in evolutionary psychology is ________, which stresses the function of a behavior or trait.

Accepted Answer

A) the social environment 
B) tools of intellectual adaption 
C) adaptionist thinking 
D) natural selection 
A) the social environment 
B) tools of intellectual adaption 
C) adaptionist thinking 
D) natural selection

Question 19

According to Darwin's theory, the occurrence of more offspring in a generation being produced than can survive is called

Accepted Answer

A) superfecundity. 
B) variation. 
C) overabundance. 
D) unfitness. 
A) superfecundity. 
B) variation. 
C) overabundance. 
D) unfitness.

Question 20

What belief did Piaget, Freud, and Erikson have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) children's thinking is of primary importance 
B) children's feelings are of primary importance 
C) development progresses in stages 
D) development continues throughout the entire lifespan 
A) children's thinking is of primary importance 
B) children's feelings are of primary importance 
C) development progresses in stages 
D) development continues throughout the entire lifespan

Which of the following is the best example of a dynamic system?

Who proposed ecological systems theory?

A mother teaching her daughter how to put together a puzzle by making suggestions and asking leading questions is an example of

An important aspect of a scientific theory is that

Which of the following is true of meta-theories?

In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, a culture's tools guide its members'

The history of human cultural inventions

Which of the following do mechanistic theories not include?

The theory of natural selection applies

Which of Piaget's stages of development are characterized by intelligence being symbolic and logical?

The following statement describes experimental results of which of the following: "Behaviors that are reinforced by positive outcomes increase in frequency, whereas behaviors that are followed by negative outcomes decrease in frequency"?

Cognitive abilities that can be applied across domains are called

Which of the following is a by-product of an adaptation?

The following statement is a definition of which of the following: "Individuals with traits that fit well with the local environment are more likely to survive or have more offspring than individuals whose traits do not fit as well with the local environment"?

The preoperational period in Piaget's theory occurs between the ages of ______.

Which of the following does shared memory not promote?

In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, which of the following was the unconditioned stimulus?

One emphasis in evolutionary psychology is ________, which stresses the function of a behavior or trait.

According to Darwin's theory, the occurrence of more offspring in a generation being produced than can survive is called

What belief did Piaget, Freud, and Erikson have in common?

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Becoming Self-Directed Thinkers: Problem Solving and Memory

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters

Exam 2: Theories and Contexts of Development

Which of the following is the best example of a dynamic system?

Who proposed ecological systems theory?

A mother teaching her daughter how to put together a puzzle by making suggestions and asking leading questions is an example of

An important aspect of a scientific theory is that

Which of the following is true of meta-theories?

In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, a culture's tools guide its members'

The history of human cultural inventions

Which of the following do mechanistic theories not include?

The theory of natural selection applies

Which of Piaget's stages of development are characterized by intelligence being symbolic and logical?

The following statement describes experimental results of which of the following: "Behaviors that are reinforced by positive outcomes increase in frequency, whereas behaviors that are followed by negative outcomes decrease in frequency"?

Cognitive abilities that can be applied across domains are called

Which of the following is a by-product of an adaptation?

The following statement is a definition of which of the following: "Individuals with traits that fit well with the local environment are more likely to survive or have more offspring than individuals whose traits do not fit as well with the local environment"?

The preoperational period in Piaget's theory occurs between the ages of ______.

Which of the following does shared memory not promote?

In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, which of the following was the unconditioned stimulus?

One emphasis in evolutionary psychology is ________, which stresses the function of a behavior or trait.

According to Darwin's theory, the occurrence of more offspring in a generation being produced than can survive is called

What belief did Piaget, Freud, and Erikson have in common?

Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development

Genetics, Prenatal Development, and the Neonate

Physical Development

What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It

The Symbolic Child: Piagets Theory and Beyond

Understanding Self and Others

Becoming Self-Directed Thinkers: Problem Solving and Memory

Language Development

Intelligence and School Achievement

Emotion, Temperament, and Personality Development

Attachment and Early Parent-Child Care

The Family and Other Contexts for Socialization

Competing and Cooperating With Peers

The Development of Sexuality and Gender Identity

Filters