Question 1

Damage to the hippocampus may result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Inability to form new memories (i.e., anterograde amnesia) 
B) Deficit in the sense of smell 
C) Inability to recall past memories (i.e., retrograde amnesia) 
D) Dysdiadochokinesia 
A) Inability to form new memories (i.e., anterograde amnesia) 
B) Deficit in the sense of smell 
C) Inability to recall past memories (i.e., retrograde amnesia) 
D) Dysdiadochokinesia A

Question 2

Which brain area is associated with verbal and symbolic intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) D 
D) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) D 
D) E C

Question 3

Which brain area is associated with elaboration of thought?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C 
C) D 
D) E 
A) A 
B) C 
C) D 
D) E A

Question 4

Which type of memory is thought to involve the potentiation of synaptic transmission through the accumulation of calcium in the presynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) Immediate memory 
B) Short-term memory 
C) Lifelong memory 
D) Long-term memory 
A) Immediate memory 
B) Short-term memory 
C) Lifelong memory 
D) Long-term memory

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the main function of Broca's area of the cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) Recognizing a sound pattern as a word 
B) Interpreting the sound as a word and the underlying intellectual meaning that is expressed by the word 
C) Controlling the thinking mind 
D) Activating and controlling the motor programs used in the vocalization of words 
A) Recognizing a sound pattern as a word 
B) Interpreting the sound as a word and the underlying intellectual meaning that is expressed by the word 
C) Controlling the thinking mind 
D) Activating and controlling the motor programs used in the vocalization of words

Question 6

Retrograde amnesia is usually the result of damage to or dysfunction of which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A) Hippocampus 
B) Subthalamus 
C) Hypothalamus 
D) Thalamus 
A) Hippocampus 
B) Subthalamus 
C) Hypothalamus 
D) Thalamus

Question 7

Damage to Broca's area on the dominant side of the brain results in which of the following neurological symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A) Anterograde amnesia 
B) Intension tremor 
C) Ataxia 
D) Aphasia 
A) Anterograde amnesia 
B) Intension tremor 
C) Ataxia 
D) Aphasia

Question 8

Which structure connects brain areas D and B?

Accepted Answer

A) Medial forebrain bundle 
B) Corpus callosum 
C) Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus 
D) Arcuate fasciculus 
A) Medial forebrain bundle 
B) Corpus callosum 
C) Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus 
D) Arcuate fasciculus

Question 9

Which area of the brain contributes to understanding the spatial coordinates of the body and its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) E

Question 10

Which of the following structures provides the connection between Wernicke's area and Broca's area in the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) Medial lemniscus 
B) Medial forebrain bundle 
C) Corpus callosum 
D) Arcuate fasciculus 
A) Medial lemniscus 
B) Medial forebrain bundle 
C) Corpus callosum 
D) Arcuate fasciculus

Question 11

The creation of memory can be interrupted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphorylation of a potassium channel to block its activity 
B) Activation of adenylate cyclase 
C) An unnatural loss of consciousness 
D) Enhancing protein synthesis 
A) Phosphorylation of a potassium channel to block its activity 
B) Activation of adenylate cyclase 
C) An unnatural loss of consciousness 
D) Enhancing protein synthesis

Question 12

A 76-year-old man sustains a stroke that severely impairs his speech. Which area of the brain has most likely been damaged?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary motor cortex 
B) Premotor area 
C) Broca's area 
D) Cerebellum 
A) Primary motor cortex 
B) Premotor area 
C) Broca's area 
D) Cerebellum

Question 13

Long-term memory differs from other types of memory in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not destroyed by temporary cessation of consciousness 
B) It can last for months or years 
C) It requires a period of consolidation 
D) All of the above 
A) It is not destroyed by temporary cessation of consciousness 
B) It can last for months or years 
C) It requires a period of consolidation 
D) All of the above

Question 14

The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by which nerve fibers or pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) Lateral lemniscus 
B) Corticofugal fibers 
C) Corpus callosum 
D) Arcuate fasciculus 
A) Lateral lemniscus 
B) Corticofugal fibers 
C) Corpus callosum 
D) Arcuate fasciculus

Question 15

How are thalamic structures involved in memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Creation of memory 
B) Drive to consolidate memory 
C) Recalling memories 
D) Determining which sensory experiences are important and which ones are not 
A) Creation of memory 
B) Drive to consolidate memory 
C) Recalling memories 
D) Determining which sensory experiences are important and which ones are not

Exam 58: Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of the Brain, Learning, and Memory

Damage to the hippocampus may result in which of the following?

Which brain area is associated with verbal and symbolic intelligence?

Which brain area is associated with elaboration of thought?

Which type of memory is thought to involve the potentiation of synaptic transmission through the accumulation of calcium in the presynaptic membrane?

Which of the following best describes the main function of Broca's area of the cortex?

Retrograde amnesia is usually the result of damage to or dysfunction of which of the following structures?

Damage to Broca's area on the dominant side of the brain results in which of the following neurological symptoms?

Which structure connects brain areas D and B?

Which area of the brain contributes to understanding the spatial coordinates of the body and its surroundings?

Which of the following structures provides the connection between Wernicke's area and Broca's area in the cerebral cortex?

The creation of memory can be interrupted by which of the following?

A 76-year-old man sustains a stroke that severely impairs his speech. Which area of the brain has most likely been damaged?

Long-term memory differs from other types of memory in which of the following ways?

The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by which nerve fibers or pathways?

How are thalamic structures involved in memory?

Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the Internal Environment

The Cell and Its Functions

Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction

Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes

Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials

Contraction of Skeletal Muscle

Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Excitation and Contraction of Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle; the Heart As a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves

Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart

The Normal Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation

Overview of the Circulation; Biophysics of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance

Vascular Distensibility and Functions of the Arterial and Venous Systems

The Microcirculation and Lymphatic System: Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow

Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow

Nervous Regulation of the Circulation and Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure

Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: the Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation

Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease

Cardiac Failure

Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects

Circulatory Shock and Its Treatment

The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema

Red Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia

Resistance of the Body to Infection: I Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte-Macrophage System, and Inflammation

Resistance of the Body to Infection: Ii Immunity and Allergy

Blood Types; Transfusion; Tissue and Organ Transplantation

Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Pulmonary Ventilation

Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, Pleural Fluid

Physical Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Through the Respiratory Membrane

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids

Regulation of Respiration

Respiratory Insufficiencypathophysiology, Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy

Aviation, High Altitude, and Space Physiology

Physiology of Deep-Sea Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions

Organization of the Nervous System, Basic Functions of Synapses, and Neurotransmitters

Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information

Somatic Sensations: I General Organization, the Tactile and Position Senses

Somatic Sensations: II Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensations

The Eye: I Optics of Vision

The Eye: II Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina

The Eye: III Central Neurophysiology of Vision

The Sense of Hearing

The Chemical Sensestaste and Smell

Motor Functions of the Spinal Cord; the Cord Reflexes

Cortical and Brain Stem Control of Motor Function

Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia to Overall Motor Control

Behavioral and Motivational Mechanisms of the Brainthe Limbic System and the Hypothalamus

States of Brain Activitysleep, Brain Waves, Epilepsy, Psychoses, and Dementia

The Autonomic Nervous System and the Adrenal Medulla

Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Metabolism

General Principles of Gastrointestinal Functionmotility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation

Propulsion and Mixing of Food in the Alimentary Tract

Filters