Exam 9: Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures

Fluoride ions can replace hydroxyl ions in the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice of teeth.This fluoridated hydroxyapatite,or fluorapatite,is more soluble and makes the tooth less resistant to demineralization.

Bones contain one third of the body's magnesium.It is the third most prevalent mineral in teeth.

Hypocalcemia,or deficient levels of calcium in the blood,can be caused by overdoses of cholecalciferol or excessive amounts of vitamin D preparations.Hypocalcemia results in tetany,a neuromuscular disorder.

Each is true of requirements and recommendations for fluoride utilization,except one.Which is the exception?

Each is true of the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio,except one.Which is the exception?

The serum calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is an inverse relationship.If the calcium level increases,the phosphorus level will increase to match this level.

Each is true of collagen as it relates to bone mineralization and growth,except one.Which is the exception?

Each is true of calcium within saliva,except one.Which is the exception?

Each is true of fluoride,except one.Which is the exception?

Periodontal disease can be exacerbated by a deficiency of calcium.Oral signs of osteoporosis may include increased density of the lamina dura.

Inadequate calcium intake is NOT typically attributed to:

Each statement is true,except one.Which is the exception?

Which does NOT enhance absorption of calcium supplements?

Individuals should consume 30% of the daily value or 300 mg of calcium per serving three or four times daily because under normal conditions,less than one third of the calcium consumed is absorbed.

Nourishment for the dentin is provided by:

Rickets cannot occur when calcium levels are sufficient because formation of rickets is solely dependent upon blood (serum)calcium level.

Consumption of soft drinks is often recommended to increase serum phosphorus levels.Hyperphosphatemia can be a risk factor cardiac disease.

Which is NOT characteristic of fluoride?

Phytochemicals,which are natural components of foods,are thought to decrease bone mineral density (BMD)by inhibiting remodeling of bone.Caffeine has a negative effect on BMD because it increases calcium excretion.

The crystalline structure of enamel makes it: