Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Describe and provide an example of each of the following intuitive thinking errors: (a)representativeness heuristic, (b)ignoring the base rate, (c)framing, and (d)emotion.

Amateurs become accomplished experts in their fields when they are able to base their solutions on

Daydreams tend to be most often characterized by

More American college students than Chinese students were able to solve the cave problem by recalling the "Hansel and Gretel story," while more Chinese students than American students solved the statue's weight problem by recalling the "weighing of the elephant" fable. These differing percentages illustrate all of the following EXCEPT that

Expert chess players can automatically recognize 50,000 to 100,000 patterns, a level of skill that takes about how long to build up?

An algorithmic solution to a problem is one in which

Two examples of algorithmic solutions are

World class chess experts are especially good at

Selective encoding is the ability to compare new problems with old information or with problems already solved.

An expert bird watcher would be better than a beginner at all of the following skills EXCEPT for

Jeremy has chosen post-traumatic stress disorder as his term paper topic. He has gathered all his research material and begun the writing process. However, he is having difficulty writing one section. So, he decides to "sleep on it" and make a fresh start in the morning. By setting aside this writing difficulty, Jeremy is allowing problem-solving to proceed on a subconscious level. This stage of creative thinking is known as

People who engage in political spin and propaganda are actually manipulating

An instructor concentrates so much on the information to be put on her PowerPoint slide that she fails to note the need to use contrast for easy visibility of the text. In attempting to solve the problem of creating effective slides for her students, this instructor is exhibiting which type of barrier to problem solving?

Rearranging words almost always changes the meaning of a sentence, which illustrates the importance of

The semantic differential measures a concept's __________ meaning.

Which of the following is NOT a stage in the creative thought process described in the text?

The complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences is called

If you have ever been without a screwdriver and took a dime out of your pocket and used it to loosen a screw, then you did not let which of the following be a barrier to your thinking?

Insight tends to be based on reorganizing the problem.

When brainstorming is applied to individual problem solving, the essential point to remember is to