Question 1

The highest response rates are most likely to occur on _________ and _________ types of simple intermittent schedules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The highest response rates are most likely...

Question 2

A _____ schedule produces a moderate, steady rate of response with little or no post-reinforcement pause.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 3

Number 9, your favorite lab rat, has to run 10 revolutions in the activity wheel in order to receive a pellet of food. The manner in which this contingency affects Number 9's behavior is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  schedule effect. 
B)  schedule of reinforcement. 
C)  contingency of reinforcement. 
D)  three-term contingency. 
A)  schedule effect. 
B)  schedule of reinforcement. 
C)  contingency of reinforcement. 
D)  three-term contingency.

Question 4

What type of reinforcer serves to maintain behavior throughout the early links in a chain? What is an efficient way to establish responding on a chained schedule in animals?

Accepted Answer

In the context of operant conditioning,

Question 5

In a(n) _____ schedule the reinforcer is delivered on a noncontingent basis.

Accepted Answer

A)  VT 
B)  FT 
C)  FI 
D)  Both and b are correct. 
A)  VT 
B)  FT 
C)  FI 
D)  Both and b are correct.

Question 6

On a noncontingent schedule of reinforcement, the reinforcer is delivered

Accepted Answer

A)  following a noncontingent response. 
B)  following a response directed toward a noncontingent stimulus. 
C)  independently of any response. 
D)  following the first response after a certain period of time. 
A)  following a noncontingent response. 
B)  following a response directed toward a noncontingent stimulus. 
C)  independently of any response. 
D)  following the first response after a certain period of time.

Question 7

A chained schedule ends in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  SD . 
B)  noncontingent reinforcer. 
C)  terminal reinforcer. 
D)  behavior scallop. 
A)  SD . 
B)  noncontingent reinforcer. 
C)  terminal reinforcer. 
D)  behavior scallop.

Question 8

Yesterday morning at the bus stop Joseph just happened to be leaning against the bus stop sign when the bus finally arrived. This morning, Joseph spent a lot of time leaning against the sign hoping that the bus would arrive. This seems to be an example of a(n) _____ behavior that has been reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  adjunctive; VI 
B)  adjunctive; VT 
C)  superstitious; VI 
D)  superstitious; VT 
A)  adjunctive; VI 
B)  adjunctive; VT 
C)  superstitious; VI 
D)  superstitious; VT

Question 9

Steady-state behaviors are produced when

Accepted Answer

A)  the organism is highly familiar with the schedule of reinforcement. 
B)  the organism has been exposed to a VR schedule. 
C)  the organism has been exposed only to a CRF schedule. 
D)  the organism has been exposed to a non-contingent schedule. 
A)  the organism is highly familiar with the schedule of reinforcement. 
B)  the organism has been exposed to a VR schedule. 
C)  the organism has been exposed only to a CRF schedule. 
D)  the organism has been exposed to a non-contingent schedule.

Question 10

A _____ schedule generally produces a high rate of response along with a short pause following the attainment of each reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  steady-state 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  steady-state 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 11

A rat must press a lever continuously for 10 minutes to earn a pellet of food. This is an example of a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  fixed duration 
D)  fixed time 
A)  fixed interval 
B)  fixed ratio 
C)  fixed duration 
D)  fixed time

Question 12

A(n) _____ schedule is a schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon meeting the requirements of two or more simple schedules.

Accepted Answer

A)  concurrent 
B)  conjunctive 
C)  adjusting 
D)  multiple 
A)  concurrent 
B)  conjunctive 
C)  adjusting 
D)  multiple

Question 13

Define fixed interval schedule. Describe the typical pattern of responding produced by this schedule.

Accepted Answer

A fixed interval schedule is a type of r

Question 14

Different response requirements of schedules can have different effects on behavior, which are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  goal gradient effects 
B)  schedules of reinforcement 
C)  schedule effects 
D)  schedule requirements 
A)  goal gradient effects 
B)  schedules of reinforcement 
C)  schedule effects 
D)  schedule requirements

Question 15

According to drive reduction theory, _____ are associated with some type of drive reduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  only primary reinforcers 
B)  primary punishers 
C)  all reinforcers 
D)  all punishers 
A)  only primary reinforcers 
B)  primary punishers 
C)  all reinforcers 
D)  all punishers

Question 16

According to the _____, rather than saying that the child's behavior was reinforced by a treat, we should instead say the child's behavior was reinforced by eating a treat.

Accepted Answer

A)  drive reduction theory 
B)  Premack principle 
C)  learned acquisition theory 
D)  intrinsic motivation theory 
A)  drive reduction theory 
B)  Premack principle 
C)  learned acquisition theory 
D)  intrinsic motivation theory

Question 17

Distinguish between continuous and intermittent schedules of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement schedules invol

Question 18

Define fixed ratio schedule. Describe the typical pattern of responding produced by this schedule.

Accepted Answer

A fixed ratio (FR) schedule is a type of

Question 19

On a(n) _____ schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon the first response following an unpredictable period of time.

Accepted Answer

A)  VI 
B)  VR 
C)  FI 
D)  FR 
A)  VI 
B)  VR 
C)  FI 
D)  FR

Question 20

Among the four basic intermittent schedules, fixed schedules are more likely to produce _____ than variable schedules, and ratio schedules are more likely to produce _____ than interval schedules.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher rates of response; post-reinforcement pauses 
B)  lower rates of response; post-reinforcement pauses 
C)  post-reinforcement pauses; higher rates of response 
D)  post-reinforcement pauses; lower rates of response 
A)  higher rates of response; post-reinforcement pauses 
B)  lower rates of response; post-reinforcement pauses 
C)  post-reinforcement pauses; higher rates of response 
D)  post-reinforcement pauses; lower rates of response

The highest response rates are most likely to occur on _ and _ types of simple intermittent schedules.

A _____ schedule produces a moderate, steady rate of response with little or no post-reinforcement pause.

Number 9, your favorite lab rat, has to run 10 revolutions in the activity wheel in order to receive a pellet of food. The manner in which this contingency affects Number 9's behavior is an example of a

What type of reinforcer serves to maintain behavior throughout the early links in a chain? What is an efficient way to establish responding on a chained schedule in animals?

In a(n) _____ schedule the reinforcer is delivered on a noncontingent basis.

On a noncontingent schedule of reinforcement, the reinforcer is delivered

A chained schedule ends in a(n)

Steady-state behaviors are produced when

A _____ schedule generally produces a high rate of response along with a short pause following the attainment of each reinforcer.

A rat must press a lever continuously for 10 minutes to earn a pellet of food. This is an example of a _____ schedule.

A(n) _____ schedule is a schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon meeting the requirements of two or more simple schedules.

Define fixed interval schedule. Describe the typical pattern of responding produced by this schedule.

Different response requirements of schedules can have different effects on behavior, which are known as _____.

According to drive reduction theory, _____ are associated with some type of drive reduction.

According to the _____, rather than saying that the child's behavior was reinforced by a treat, we should instead say the child's behavior was reinforced by eating a treat.

Distinguish between continuous and intermittent schedules of reinforcement.

Define fixed ratio schedule. Describe the typical pattern of responding produced by this schedule.

On a(n) _____ schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon the first response following an unpredictable period of time.

Among the four basic intermittent schedules, fixed schedules are more likely to produce _ than variable schedules, and ratio schedules are more likely to produce _ than interval schedules.

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 7: Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

The highest response rates are most likely to occur on _________ and _________ types of simple intermittent schedules.

A _____ schedule produces a moderate, steady rate of response with little or no post-reinforcement pause.

Number 9, your favorite lab rat, has to run 10 revolutions in the activity wheel in order to receive a pellet of food. The manner in which this contingency affects Number 9's behavior is an example of a

What type of reinforcer serves to maintain behavior throughout the early links in a chain? What is an efficient way to establish responding on a chained schedule in animals?

In a(n) _____ schedule the reinforcer is delivered on a noncontingent basis.

On a noncontingent schedule of reinforcement, the reinforcer is delivered

A chained schedule ends in a(n)

Steady-state behaviors are produced when

A _____ schedule generally produces a high rate of response along with a short pause following the attainment of each reinforcer.

A rat must press a lever continuously for 10 minutes to earn a pellet of food. This is an example of a _____ schedule.

A(n) _____ schedule is a schedule in which reinforcement is contingent upon meeting the requirements of two or more simple schedules.

Define fixed interval schedule. Describe the typical pattern of responding produced by this schedule.

Different response requirements of schedules can have different effects on behavior, which are known as _____.

According to drive reduction theory, _____ are associated with some type of drive reduction.

According to the _____, rather than saying that the child's behavior was reinforced by a treat, we should instead say the child's behavior was reinforced by eating a treat.

Distinguish between continuous and intermittent schedules of reinforcement.

Define fixed ratio schedule. Describe the typical pattern of responding produced by this schedule.

On a(n) _____ schedule, reinforcement is contingent upon the first response following an unpredictable period of time.

Among the four basic intermittent schedules, fixed schedules are more likely to produce _____ than variable schedules, and ratio schedules are more likely to produce _____ than interval schedules.

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

The highest response rates are most likely to occur on _ and _ types of simple intermittent schedules.

Among the four basic intermittent schedules, fixed schedules are more likely to produce _ than variable schedules, and ratio schedules are more likely to produce _ than interval schedules.