Question 1

Although Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear a rat, he also began to fear dogs, rabbits, and a Santa Claus mask. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) extinction. 
E) reconditioning. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) extinction. 
E) reconditioning.

Question 2

Thorndike is to _____ as Skinner is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning; Law of Effect 
B) classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
C) operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
D) Law of Effect; classical conditioning 
E) Law of Effect; operant conditioning 
A) classical conditioning; Law of Effect 
B) classical conditioning; operant conditioning 
C) operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
D) Law of Effect; classical conditioning 
E) Law of Effect; operant conditioning

Question 3

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Garcia -- conditioned emotional response 
B) Thorndike -- schedules of reinforcement 
C) Skinner -- operant conditioning 
D) Watson -- classical conditioning of reflexes 
E) Pavlov -- classical conditioning of emotions 
A) Garcia -- conditioned emotional response 
B) Thorndike -- schedules of reinforcement 
C) Skinner -- operant conditioning 
D) Watson -- classical conditioning of reflexes 
E) Pavlov -- classical conditioning of emotions

Question 4

Paul has turned to alcohol in order to flee from the problems in his marriage. We can explain his behavior as a form of

Accepted Answer

A) superstitious behavior. 
B) escape learning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) insight learning. 
E) observational learning. 
A) superstitious behavior. 
B) escape learning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) insight learning. 
E) observational learning.

Question 5

In the past three psychology labs, Liliya has been attempting to classically condition a lab rat. Her strategy has been to present the US and CS simultaneously. Which of the following should she do to strengthen the conditioned response of the rat?

Accepted Answer

A) Make less frequent pairings of CS and US. 
B) Present the CS first and have it remain present during presentation of US. 
C) Present the US prior to CS. 
D) Present the CS first and withdraw it before introducing the US. 
E) Decrease the intensity of the US. 
A) Make less frequent pairings of CS and US. 
B) Present the CS first and have it remain present during presentation of US. 
C) Present the US prior to CS. 
D) Present the CS first and withdraw it before introducing the US. 
E) Decrease the intensity of the US.

Question 6

To which area of human behavior was Thorndike particularly excited about applying principles of animal learning?

Accepted Answer

A) parenting 
B) law enforcement 
C) medicine 
D) advertising 
E) education 
A) parenting 
B) law enforcement 
C) medicine 
D) advertising 
E) education

Question 7

Which of the following represents an application of a cognitive perspective on classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) The organism uses the CS to make predictions about the occurrence of events in the environment. 
B) The stronger the CS, the stronger the CR. 
C) The stronger the CS, the greater the resistance to extinction. 
D) The US holds information value that the organism uses to know how to respond. 
E) The US becomes a reliable signal for predicting the occurrence of the CS. 
A) The organism uses the CS to make predictions about the occurrence of events in the environment. 
B) The stronger the CS, the stronger the CR. 
C) The stronger the CS, the greater the resistance to extinction. 
D) The US holds information value that the organism uses to know how to respond. 
E) The US becomes a reliable signal for predicting the occurrence of the CS.

Question 8

Pauline became ill after eating eggs contaminated with salmonella. She subsequently becomes nauseous whenever she sees eggs. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned taste aversion. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) a phobia. 
E) conditioned emotional reaction. 
A) conditioned taste aversion. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) a phobia. 
E) conditioned emotional reaction.

Question 9

Which view holds that behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences?

Accepted Answer

A) the Law of Effect 
B) radical behaviorism 
C) behavior modification 
D) programmed instruction 
E) cognitive learning 
A) the Law of Effect 
B) radical behaviorism 
C) behavior modification 
D) programmed instruction 
E) cognitive learning

Question 10

Rescorla applies a cognitive perspective in explaining classical conditioning. He focuses on the extent to which the CS __________ the US.

Accepted Answer

A) interferes with 
B) predicts 
C) follows 
D) reduces 
E) is elicited by 
A) interferes with 
B) predicts 
C) follows 
D) reduces 
E) is elicited by

Question 11

Skinner found that coincidental association of a behavior and a reinforcement may result in

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) superstitious behavior. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) taste aversions. 
E) the development of phobias. 
A) extinction. 
B) superstitious behavior. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) taste aversions. 
E) the development of phobias.

Question 12

Based on research presented in the text, which of the following is the best recommendation for disciplining children?

Accepted Answer

A) Rely mostly on reinforcement. 
B) Avoid reinforcement; rely mostly on punishment to achieve faster effects. 
C) Use only punishment. 
D) Use only reinforcement. 
E) Try to balance the use of reinforcement and punishment. 
A) Rely mostly on reinforcement. 
B) Avoid reinforcement; rely mostly on punishment to achieve faster effects. 
C) Use only punishment. 
D) Use only reinforcement. 
E) Try to balance the use of reinforcement and punishment.

Question 13

In classical conditioning, a conditioned response can weaken and eventually disappear. This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) generalization. 
C) discrimination. 
D) reconditioning. 
E) extinction. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) generalization. 
C) discrimination. 
D) reconditioning. 
E) extinction.

Question 14

Which researcher conducted investigations of latent learning with rats in mazes?

Accepted Answer

A) Garcia 
B) Skinner 
C) Thorndike 
D) Tolman 
E) Kohler 
A) Garcia 
B) Skinner 
C) Thorndike 
D) Tolman 
E) Kohler

Question 15

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink. If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer, eventually the buzzer will cause a blink. In this example, the buzzer begins as the _____ and eventually becomes the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus 
C) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D) neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus 
E) unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus 
A) neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
B) conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus 
C) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D) neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus 
E) unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus

Question 16

Graduate student Charisse Goldberg conducted operant conditioning trials with a laboratory rat. Goldberg trained the animal to press a lever to earn a food pellet. The rat successfully learned to press the lever. In the language of operant conditioning, what is the animal's learned response called?

Accepted Answer

A) a higher-order conditioned response 
B) a vicariously learned response 
C) a reconditioned response 
D) a latent response 
E) an operant response 
A) a higher-order conditioned response 
B) a vicariously learned response 
C) a reconditioned response 
D) a latent response 
E) an operant response

Question 17

Following his experience in the military, Hans developed a classically conditioned fear response to radio static. After he left the military, the response extinguished. However, after not hearing radio static for several months, Hans again shows the conditioned fear response. Hans's experience is best described by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) reconditioning. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
E) shaping. 
A) stimulus generalization. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) reconditioning. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
E) shaping.

Question 18

Which of the following is not one of the processes involved in cognitive learning?

Accepted Answer

A) thinking 
B) problem solving 
C) mental imaging 
D) information processing 
E) affective monitoring 
A) thinking 
B) problem solving 
C) mental imaging 
D) information processing 
E) affective monitoring

Question 19

Which of the following is the best definition of reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) a response that operates on the environment to produce certain consequences 
B) a stimulus or event that increases the probability that the response it follows will be repeated 
C) behavior acquired through coincidental association of a response and a reinforcement 
D) a cue that signals that reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response 
E) the introduction of an aversive stimulus after a response occurs 
A) a response that operates on the environment to produce certain consequences 
B) a stimulus or event that increases the probability that the response it follows will be repeated 
C) behavior acquired through coincidental association of a response and a reinforcement 
D) a cue that signals that reinforcement is available if the subject makes a particular response 
E) the introduction of an aversive stimulus after a response occurs

Question 20

Cassandra, who has been clean and sober for many years after struggling with alcoholism, no longer has a physical addiction to alcohol. However, whenever she sees her old "drinking buddies," she begins to have cravings for alcohol. Cassandra's experience is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) observational learning. 
E) negative reinforcement. 
A) insight learning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) observational learning. 
E) negative reinforcement.

Although Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear a rat, he also began to fear dogs, rabbits, and a Santa Claus mask. This is an example of

Thorndike is to _ as Skinner is to ___.

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Paul has turned to alcohol in order to flee from the problems in his marriage. We can explain his behavior as a form of

In the past three psychology labs, Liliya has been attempting to classically condition a lab rat. Her strategy has been to present the US and CS simultaneously. Which of the following should she do to strengthen the conditioned response of the rat?

To which area of human behavior was Thorndike particularly excited about applying principles of animal learning?

Which of the following represents an application of a cognitive perspective on classical conditioning?

Pauline became ill after eating eggs contaminated with salmonella. She subsequently becomes nauseous whenever she sees eggs. This is an example of

Which view holds that behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences?

Rescorla applies a cognitive perspective in explaining classical conditioning. He focuses on the extent to which the CS __________ the US.

Skinner found that coincidental association of a behavior and a reinforcement may result in

Based on research presented in the text, which of the following is the best recommendation for disciplining children?

In classical conditioning, a conditioned response can weaken and eventually disappear. This is referred to as

Which researcher conducted investigations of latent learning with rats in mazes?

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink. If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer, eventually the buzzer will cause a blink. In this example, the buzzer begins as the _ and eventually becomes the __.

Graduate student Charisse Goldberg conducted operant conditioning trials with a laboratory rat. Goldberg trained the animal to press a lever to earn a food pellet. The rat successfully learned to press the lever. In the language of operant conditioning, what is the animal's learned response called?

Which of the following is not one of the processes involved in cognitive learning?

Which of the following is the best definition of reinforcer?

Cassandra, who has been clean and sober for many years after struggling with alcoholism, no longer has a physical addiction to alcohol. However, whenever she sees her old "drinking buddies," she begins to have cravings for alcohol. Cassandra's experience is an example of

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

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Exam 5: Learning

Although Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear a rat, he also began to fear dogs, rabbits, and a Santa Claus mask. This is an example of

Thorndike is to _____ as Skinner is to _______.

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Paul has turned to alcohol in order to flee from the problems in his marriage. We can explain his behavior as a form of

In the past three psychology labs, Liliya has been attempting to classically condition a lab rat. Her strategy has been to present the US and CS simultaneously. Which of the following should she do to strengthen the conditioned response of the rat?

To which area of human behavior was Thorndike particularly excited about applying principles of animal learning?

Which of the following represents an application of a cognitive perspective on classical conditioning?

Pauline became ill after eating eggs contaminated with salmonella. She subsequently becomes nauseous whenever she sees eggs. This is an example of

Which view holds that behavior is completely determined by environmental and genetic influences?

Rescorla applies a cognitive perspective in explaining classical conditioning. He focuses on the extent to which the CS __________ the US.

Skinner found that coincidental association of a behavior and a reinforcement may result in

Based on research presented in the text, which of the following is the best recommendation for disciplining children?

In classical conditioning, a conditioned response can weaken and eventually disappear. This is referred to as

Which researcher conducted investigations of latent learning with rats in mazes?

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink. If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer, eventually the buzzer will cause a blink. In this example, the buzzer begins as the _____ and eventually becomes the ______.

Graduate student Charisse Goldberg conducted operant conditioning trials with a laboratory rat. Goldberg trained the animal to press a lever to earn a food pellet. The rat successfully learned to press the lever. In the language of operant conditioning, what is the animal's learned response called?

Which of the following is not one of the processes involved in cognitive learning?

Which of the following is the best definition of reinforcer?

Cassandra, who has been clean and sober for many years after struggling with alcoholism, no longer has a physical addiction to alcohol. However, whenever she sees her old "drinking buddies," she begins to have cravings for alcohol. Cassandra's experience is an example of

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking Language and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development

Psychology and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Filters

Thorndike is to _ as Skinner is to ___.

A puff of air to the eye causes a reflexive blink. If you precede the puff of air with a buzzer, eventually the buzzer will cause a blink. In this example, the buzzer begins as the _ and eventually becomes the __.