Question 1

Thorndike used the ______ in studying animal learning.

Accepted Answer

A) Skinner box 
B) token economy 
C) programmed instruction computer 
D) maze 
E) puzzle box 
A) Skinner box 
B) token economy 
C) programmed instruction computer 
D) maze 
E) puzzle box

Question 2

Marcel sat at a cafe eating the best croissant he had ever tasted. He begins frequenting the café to order the croissants. He hardly notices the jingling of the cash register just before the clerk hands him the croissant. Now every time he hears the same kind of jingling from another cash register, his mouth waters. Marcel's learning is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) conditioned taste aversion. 
D) classical conditioning. 
E) observational learning. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) conditioned taste aversion. 
D) classical conditioning. 
E) observational learning.

Question 3

Dr. Emmanuel demonstrates a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment for his psychology class. Emmanuel pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and then asks the class, "What is the neutral stimulus called now?" The correct answer is

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) reinforcer. 
D) conditioned reinforcer. 
E) unconditioned response. 
A) conditioned response. 
B) conditioned stimulus. 
C) reinforcer. 
D) conditioned reinforcer. 
E) unconditioned response.

Question 4

Every time her husband pays her a compliment, Sarah looks him in the eye and smiles at him. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) primary reinforcement. 
D) observational learning. 
E) latent learning. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) primary reinforcement. 
D) observational learning. 
E) latent learning.

Question 5

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychologists and pediatricians encourage parents not to rely on punishment as a primary means of discipline. 
B) Punishment can involve the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus. 
C) Punishment can involve the removal of a reinforcing stimulus. 
D) Punishment can be considered the flip side of reinforcement. 
E) Negative reinforcement is the technical term for punishment. 
A) Psychologists and pediatricians encourage parents not to rely on punishment as a primary means of discipline. 
B) Punishment can involve the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus. 
C) Punishment can involve the removal of a reinforcing stimulus. 
D) Punishment can be considered the flip side of reinforcement. 
E) Negative reinforcement is the technical term for punishment.

Question 6

Each of the following describes a form of cognitive learning EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning. 
B) insight learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) latent learning. 
E) vicarious learning. 
A) observational learning. 
B) insight learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) latent learning. 
E) vicarious learning.

Question 7

In an application of classical conditioning principles reported in the text, how were sheep ranchers able to protect their sheep from coyotes?

Accepted Answer

A) The sheep ranchers learned to shoot more accurately through reinforcement. 
B) Live sheep were injected with a poison that would kill coyotes. 
C) Sheep carcasses were injected with poison that would kill coyotes. 
D) Sheep carcasses were injected with a poison that would sicken but not kill coyotes. 
E) Sheep were classically conditioned to fear coyotes. 
A) The sheep ranchers learned to shoot more accurately through reinforcement. 
B) Live sheep were injected with a poison that would kill coyotes. 
C) Sheep carcasses were injected with poison that would kill coyotes. 
D) Sheep carcasses were injected with a poison that would sicken but not kill coyotes. 
E) Sheep were classically conditioned to fear coyotes.

Question 8

Operant conditioning is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious learning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) instrumental learning. 
E) cognitive learning 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) vicarious learning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) instrumental learning. 
E) cognitive learning

Question 9

Velma takes headache medicine to relieve pain. The medicine serves to remove the pain. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance conditioning. 
B) conditioned reinforcement. 
C) positive reinforcement. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
E) superstitious behavior. 
A) avoidance conditioning. 
B) conditioned reinforcement. 
C) positive reinforcement. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
E) superstitious behavior.

Question 10

Rosa has learned to bring an umbrella with her on overcast days, explaining "I don't want to get wet if it rains." We can explain her behavior as a form of

Accepted Answer

A) superstitious behavior. 
B) escape learning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) avoidance learning. 
E) observational learning. 
A) superstitious behavior. 
B) escape learning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) avoidance learning. 
E) observational learning.

Question 11

Rico attends technical college where he is using technology to study for the GED. His computer guides Rico through an inventory of increasingly more challenging questions. If he answers correctly, the questions increase in challenge; if he answers incorrectly, the questions decrease in difficulty. Rico is using which application of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) the Skinner box 
B) behavior modification 
C) token economy 
D) biofeedback 
E) programmed instruction 
A) the Skinner box 
B) behavior modification 
C) token economy 
D) biofeedback 
E) programmed instruction

Question 12

Which of the following best describes Bandura's research and subsequent general conclusions about the effects of violent television on behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been supported. 
B) Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been partially supported with only some groups of children. 
C) Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been supported, but only with children who showed aggressive tendencies beforehand. 
D) Bandura believed that children do become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has not been supported. 
E) Bandura believed that children do not become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his hypothesis has been supported. 
A) Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been supported. 
B) Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been partially supported with only some groups of children. 
C) Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been supported, but only with children who showed aggressive tendencies beforehand. 
D) Bandura believed that children do become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has not been supported. 
E) Bandura believed that children do not become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his hypothesis has been supported.

Question 13

______ is a process by which two people in a relationship list the behaviors of the other that they would like changed, and then they agree to reinforce each other for making the changes.

Accepted Answer

A) Behavioral management 
B) Method of successive approximations 
C) Reinforcement scheduling 
D) Cognitive mapping 
E) Contingency contracting 
A) Behavioral management 
B) Method of successive approximations 
C) Reinforcement scheduling 
D) Cognitive mapping 
E) Contingency contracting

Question 14

While changing her tire, Marguerite bumped the hubcap and all of the lug nuts fell into a storm sewer. After fretting for several minutes, she suddenly realized she could remove one lug nut from each of the other three tires to temporarily mount the spare until she could get to a service station. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) superstitious behavior. 
B) insight learning. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) shaping. 
E) latent learning. 
A) superstitious behavior. 
B) insight learning. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) shaping. 
E) latent learning.

Question 15

Behaviors that result in satisfying effects are strengthened and behaviors that result in discomfort are weakened. This statement is explained by

Accepted Answer

A) the Law of Effect. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) radical behaviorism. 
E) insight learning. 
A) the Law of Effect. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) radical behaviorism. 
E) insight learning.

Question 16

A discriminative stimulus signals that

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement is available for a particular response. 
B) an unconditioned stimulus is about to be presented. 
C) a conditioned stimulus is about to be presented. 
D) a neutral stimulus is about to be presented. 
E) an approximately correct response will receive reinforcement. 
A) reinforcement is available for a particular response. 
B) an unconditioned stimulus is about to be presented. 
C) a conditioned stimulus is about to be presented. 
D) a neutral stimulus is about to be presented. 
E) an approximately correct response will receive reinforcement.

Question 17

The systematic application of learning principles to help people overcome phobias is called ______ therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) aversion 
B) cognitive 
C) conditioning 
D) behavior 
E) reexposure 
A) aversion 
B) cognitive 
C) conditioning 
D) behavior 
E) reexposure

Question 18

In an example reported in your text, a man was trapped behind a refrigerator and nearly suffocated. Subsequently, he has a phobia of tight, enclosed spaces and is afraid to ride on small, crowded elevators. However, he has no fear of large, uncrowded elevator rides. The man's fear of small elevators is an example of ______, and his lack of fear toward large elevators is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

A) reconditioning; extinction 
B) stimulus generalization; extinction 
C) stimulus generalization; stimulus discrimination 
D) stimulus discrimination; extinction 
E) stimulus discrimination; stimulus generalization 
A) reconditioning; extinction 
B) stimulus generalization; extinction 
C) stimulus generalization; stimulus discrimination 
D) stimulus discrimination; extinction 
E) stimulus discrimination; stimulus generalization

Question 19

Amita was just grounded by her parents. She is not allowed to use her computer or cell phone, or watch television. Which method of punishment are Amita's parents using?

Accepted Answer

A) token economy 
B) removal of a reinforcer 
C) verbal reprimand 
D) time-out 
E) removal of a negative reinforce 
A) token economy 
B) removal of a reinforcer 
C) verbal reprimand 
D) time-out 
E) removal of a negative reinforce

Question 20

In Garcia's research on taste aversions, what was the neutral stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) radiation 
B) taste of the water 
C) nausea 
D) electric shocks 
E) taste of the food 
A) radiation 
B) taste of the water 
C) nausea 
D) electric shocks 
E) taste of the food

Thorndike used the ______ in studying animal learning.

Dr. Emmanuel demonstrates a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment for his psychology class. Emmanuel pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and then asks the class, "What is the neutral stimulus called now?" The correct answer is

Every time her husband pays her a compliment, Sarah looks him in the eye and smiles at him. This is an example of

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Each of the following describes a form of cognitive learning EXCEPT

In an application of classical conditioning principles reported in the text, how were sheep ranchers able to protect their sheep from coyotes?

Operant conditioning is also known as

Velma takes headache medicine to relieve pain. The medicine serves to remove the pain. This is an example of

Rosa has learned to bring an umbrella with her on overcast days, explaining "I don't want to get wet if it rains." We can explain her behavior as a form of

Which of the following best describes Bandura's research and subsequent general conclusions about the effects of violent television on behavior?

______ is a process by which two people in a relationship list the behaviors of the other that they would like changed, and then they agree to reinforce each other for making the changes.

Behaviors that result in satisfying effects are strengthened and behaviors that result in discomfort are weakened. This statement is explained by

A discriminative stimulus signals that

The systematic application of learning principles to help people overcome phobias is called ______ therapy.

Amita was just grounded by her parents. She is not allowed to use her computer or cell phone, or watch television. Which method of punishment are Amita's parents using?

In Garcia's research on taste aversions, what was the neutral stimulus?

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Exam 5: Learning

Thorndike used the ______ in studying animal learning.

Dr. Emmanuel demonstrates a typical Pavlovian conditioning experiment for his psychology class. Emmanuel pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus and then asks the class, "What is the neutral stimulus called now?" The correct answer is

Every time her husband pays her a compliment, Sarah looks him in the eye and smiles at him. This is an example of

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Each of the following describes a form of cognitive learning EXCEPT

In an application of classical conditioning principles reported in the text, how were sheep ranchers able to protect their sheep from coyotes?

Operant conditioning is also known as

Velma takes headache medicine to relieve pain. The medicine serves to remove the pain. This is an example of

Rosa has learned to bring an umbrella with her on overcast days, explaining "I don't want to get wet if it rains." We can explain her behavior as a form of

Which of the following best describes Bandura's research and subsequent general conclusions about the effects of violent television on behavior?

______ is a process by which two people in a relationship list the behaviors of the other that they would like changed, and then they agree to reinforce each other for making the changes.

Behaviors that result in satisfying effects are strengthened and behaviors that result in discomfort are weakened. This statement is explained by

A discriminative stimulus signals that

The systematic application of learning principles to help people overcome phobias is called ______ therapy.

Amita was just grounded by her parents. She is not allowed to use her computer or cell phone, or watch television. Which method of punishment are Amita's parents using?

In Garcia's research on taste aversions, what was the neutral stimulus?

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking Language and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development

Psychology and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Filters