Question 1

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do," underscores the importance of ______ in learning.

Accepted Answer

A) modeling 
B) latency 
C) insight 
D) shaping 
E) reinforcement 
A) modeling 
B) latency 
C) insight 
D) shaping 
E) reinforcement

Question 2

The Law of Effect was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A) Pavlov. 
B) Skinner. 
C) Thorndike. 
D) Watson. 
E) Tolman. 
A) Pavlov. 
B) Skinner. 
C) Thorndike. 
D) Watson. 
E) Tolman.

Question 3

Distinguish between the different schedules of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Under continuous reinforcement, every oc

Question 4

All but which of the following are examples of the application of principles of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) biofeedback training 
B) behavioral modification 
C) conditioned immune system responses 
D) programmed instruction 
E) token economies 
A) biofeedback training 
B) behavioral modification 
C) conditioned immune system responses 
D) programmed instruction 
E) token economies

Question 5

Helena has learned that she gets motion sickness easily. If Helena takes medicine before a boat ride so she doesn't get sea sick, she is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance learning. 
B) a phobia. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) escape learning. 
E) shaping. 
A) avoidance learning. 
B) a phobia. 
C) stimulus discrimination. 
D) escape learning. 
E) shaping.

Question 6

Which of the following can best be described as an example of insight learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Deborah, who gives her 4-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B) Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant, she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C) Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort. 
D) Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E) Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn. 
A) Deborah, who gives her 4-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away. 
B) Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant, she almost immediately picks the shortest route. 
C) Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort. 
D) Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn't hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again. 
E) Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn't want to get a sunburn.

Question 7

Following _____, a conditioned response may reappear. This process is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization; spontaneous recovery 
B) discrimination; extinction 
C) extinction; spontaneous recovery 
D) discrimination; spontaneous recovery 
E) generalization; extinction 
A) generalization; spontaneous recovery 
B) discrimination; extinction 
C) extinction; spontaneous recovery 
D) discrimination; spontaneous recovery 
E) generalization; extinction

Question 8

Your significant other gives you a compliment, and you smile at him/her. The probability that s/he will give you another compliment increases. This is an example of which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Latent learning 
B) Insight learning 
C) Observational learning 
D) Classical conditioning 
E) Instrumental learning 
A) Latent learning 
B) Insight learning 
C) Observational learning 
D) Classical conditioning 
E) Instrumental learning

Question 9

Vlad receives $100 for every ten telemarketing calls he makes. This is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) variable interval 
E) 100/10 
A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) fixed interval 
D) variable interval 
E) 100/10

Question 10

Learning in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response is called

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) instrumental conditioning. 
D) stimulus-response learning. 
E) spontaneous recovery. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) instrumental conditioning. 
D) stimulus-response learning. 
E) spontaneous recovery.

Question 11

Regarding classical conditioning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus generalization helps explain the development of phobias. 
B) In extinction, conditioned responses gradually weaken and disappear. 
C) By learning to differentiate among related stimuli, animals are able to distinguish between threatening and nonthreatening situations. 
D) Stimulus generalization has survival value because it allows animals to generalize learned responses to originally threatening stimuli. 
E) Extinguished responses are forgotten if they are not reinforced. 
A) Stimulus generalization helps explain the development of phobias. 
B) In extinction, conditioned responses gradually weaken and disappear. 
C) By learning to differentiate among related stimuli, animals are able to distinguish between threatening and nonthreatening situations. 
D) Stimulus generalization has survival value because it allows animals to generalize learned responses to originally threatening stimuli. 
E) Extinguished responses are forgotten if they are not reinforced.

Question 12

Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as ______, while removal of an aversive stimulus serves as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) positive punishment; negative punishment 
B) negative punishment; positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement 
E) reinforcement; punishment 
A) positive punishment; negative punishment 
B) negative punishment; positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement 
E) reinforcement; punishment

Question 13

Most psychologists define learning as

Accepted Answer

A) any change in behavior. 
B) any change in behavior due to maturation. 
C) any change in behavior due to experience. 
D) a relatively permanent change in behavior due to natural development. 
E) a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. 
A) any change in behavior. 
B) any change in behavior due to maturation. 
C) any change in behavior due to experience. 
D) a relatively permanent change in behavior due to natural development. 
E) a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.

Question 14

Which pattern best describes what happens once classical conditioning occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) UR elicits the US. 
B) CS elicits the CR. 
C) NS leads to no response. 
D) NS + US leads to UR. 
E) US + CS leads to UR. 
A) UR elicits the US. 
B) CS elicits the CR. 
C) NS leads to no response. 
D) NS + US leads to UR. 
E) US + CS leads to UR.

Question 15

Classical conditioning is best described as learning by

Accepted Answer

A) trial and error. 
B) association. 
C) stimulus response. 
D) insight. 
E) observation. 
A) trial and error. 
B) association. 
C) stimulus response. 
D) insight. 
E) observation.

Question 16

Under which condition would Watson's experiments on classical conditioning be replicated today?

Accepted Answer

A) If the researchers obtained parental permission to expose the child to intense fear 
B) If the researchers used methods to extinguish the fears after completing their experiments 
C) If the researchers followed the children for several years to make sure they were not "damaged" from their participation in the experiment 
D) If the researchers taught parents how to extinguish their children's fears 
E) The experiments would not be replicated even with the parents' permission 
A) If the researchers obtained parental permission to expose the child to intense fear 
B) If the researchers used methods to extinguish the fears after completing their experiments 
C) If the researchers followed the children for several years to make sure they were not "damaged" from their participation in the experiment 
D) If the researchers taught parents how to extinguish their children's fears 
E) The experiments would not be replicated even with the parents' permission

Question 17

Which of the following is the best definition of spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A) the weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response over time 
B) displaying a conditioned response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus 
C) displaying a conditioned response to new neutral stimuli 
D) displaying a conditioned response in the absence of the conditioned stimulus 
E) return of a conditioned response following extinction 
A) the weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response over time 
B) displaying a conditioned response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus 
C) displaying a conditioned response to new neutral stimuli 
D) displaying a conditioned response in the absence of the conditioned stimulus 
E) return of a conditioned response following extinction

Question 18

Cognitive learning involves

Accepted Answer

A) mental processes that cannot be directly observed. 
B) higher-order conditioning. 
C) creative processes. 
D) focused attention. 
E) learning that occurs through repeated practice. 
A) mental processes that cannot be directly observed. 
B) higher-order conditioning. 
C) creative processes. 
D) focused attention. 
E) learning that occurs through repeated practice.

Question 19

Researchers have been able to successfully condition immune system suppression by linking neutral stimuli with a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) electrical shock. 
B) drug that induces nausea. 
C) immune-suppressant drug. 
D) previously conditioned response. 
E) immune-suppressant drug and electrical shock. 
A) electrical shock. 
B) drug that induces nausea. 
C) immune-suppressant drug. 
D) previously conditioned response. 
E) immune-suppressant drug and electrical shock.

Question 20

Who is most closely associated with the study of conditioned emotional reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) John Watson 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) John Garcia 
D) B.F. Skinner 
E) Robert Rescorla 
A) John Watson 
B) Ivan Pavlov 
C) John Garcia 
D) B.F. Skinner 
E) Robert Rescorla

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do," underscores the importance of ______ in learning.

The Law of Effect was proposed by

Distinguish between the different schedules of reinforcement.

All but which of the following are examples of the application of principles of operant conditioning?

Helena has learned that she gets motion sickness easily. If Helena takes medicine before a boat ride so she doesn't get sea sick, she is demonstrating

Which of the following can best be described as an example of insight learning?

Following _, a conditioned response may reappear. This process is known as __.

Your significant other gives you a compliment, and you smile at him/her. The probability that s/he will give you another compliment increases. This is an example of which type of learning?

Vlad receives $100 for every ten telemarketing calls he makes. This is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

Learning in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response is called

Regarding classical conditioning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as , while removal of an aversive stimulus serves as .

Most psychologists define learning as

Which pattern best describes what happens once classical conditioning occurs?

Classical conditioning is best described as learning by

Under which condition would Watson's experiments on classical conditioning be replicated today?

Which of the following is the best definition of spontaneous recovery?

Cognitive learning involves

Researchers have been able to successfully condition immune system suppression by linking neutral stimuli with a(n)

Who is most closely associated with the study of conditioned emotional reactions?

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Exam 5: Learning

"When in Rome, do as the Romans do," underscores the importance of ______ in learning.

The Law of Effect was proposed by

Distinguish between the different schedules of reinforcement.

All but which of the following are examples of the application of principles of operant conditioning?

Helena has learned that she gets motion sickness easily. If Helena takes medicine before a boat ride so she doesn't get sea sick, she is demonstrating

Which of the following can best be described as an example of insight learning?

Following _____, a conditioned response may reappear. This process is known as ______.

Your significant other gives you a compliment, and you smile at him/her. The probability that s/he will give you another compliment increases. This is an example of which type of learning?

Vlad receives $100 for every ten telemarketing calls he makes. This is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

Learning in which a previously neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response is called

Regarding classical conditioning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as ______, while removal of an aversive stimulus serves as ______.

Most psychologists define learning as

Which pattern best describes what happens once classical conditioning occurs?

Classical conditioning is best described as learning by

Under which condition would Watson's experiments on classical conditioning be replicated today?

Which of the following is the best definition of spontaneous recovery?

Cognitive learning involves

Researchers have been able to successfully condition immune system suppression by linking neutral stimuli with a(n)

Who is most closely associated with the study of conditioned emotional reactions?

The Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Thinking Language and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development

Psychology and Health

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Methods of Therapy

Filters

Following _, a conditioned response may reappear. This process is known as __.

Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as , while removal of an aversive stimulus serves as .