Question 1

The A and B forms of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  both have 10 base pairs per turn of the helix 
B)  both have 11 base pairs per turn of the helix 
C)  are both left-handed helices 
D)  are both right-handed helices 
A)  both have 10 base pairs per turn of the helix 
B)  both have 11 base pairs per turn of the helix 
C)  are both left-handed helices 
D)  are both right-handed helices

Question 2

Histones contain large amounts of which of the following amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  histidine 
B)  glutamic acid 
C)  lysine 
D)  leucine 
E)  tryptophan 
A)  histidine 
B)  glutamic acid 
C)  lysine 
D)  leucine 
E)  tryptophan

Question 3

The hydrogen bonding interactions in a Watson-Crick AT base-pair involve what units in the adenine base?

Accepted Answer

A)  N-1 and the amino group on C-6 
B)  N-1 and N-3 
C)  N-7 and the amino group on C-6 
D)  N-7 and C-8 
A)  N-1 and the amino group on C-6 
B)  N-1 and N-3 
C)  N-7 and the amino group on C-6 
D)  N-7 and C-8

Question 4

The following types of RNA are common to all organisms, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  snRNA 
D)  tRNA 
E)  All types are found in all organisms. 
A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  snRNA 
D)  tRNA 
E)  All types are found in all organisms.

Question 5

The outside diameter of a piece of DNA is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  2 Å. 
B)  20 Å. 
C)  200 Å. 
D)  2000 Å. 
A)  2 Å. 
B)  20 Å. 
C)  200 Å. 
D)  2000 Å.

Question 6

In a melting profile for DNA, the absorbance at 260 nm increases as result of the disruption of the DNA structure. What is the fundamental physical basis for the absorbance increase?

Accepted Answer

A)  the effective concentration of DNA changes 
B)  denatured DNA absorbs light more strongly than native DNA because the bases have become unstacked 
C)  native DNA absorbs light more strongly than denatured DNA because the bases are stacked 
D)  the absorbance of DNA is highly sensitive to temperature 
A)  the effective concentration of DNA changes 
B)  denatured DNA absorbs light more strongly than native DNA because the bases have become unstacked 
C)  native DNA absorbs light more strongly than denatured DNA because the bases are stacked 
D)  the absorbance of DNA is highly sensitive to temperature

Question 7

The study of DNA changes that are not reflected in the base sequence is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecular biology 
B)  Histology 
C)  Epigenetics 
D)  Physical genetics 
A)  Molecular biology 
B)  Histology 
C)  Epigenetics 
D)  Physical genetics

Question 8

The oligonucleotide AGGUCCAUUGAAp, is best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  an RNA oligonucleotide with a 3'phosphate 
B)  an RNA oligonucleotide with a 5'phosphate 
C)  a DNA oligonucleotide with a 3'phosphate 
D)  a DNA oligonucleotide with a 5'phosphate 
A)  an RNA oligonucleotide with a 3'phosphate 
B)  an RNA oligonucleotide with a 5'phosphate 
C)  a DNA oligonucleotide with a 3'phosphate 
D)  a DNA oligonucleotide with a 5'phosphate

Question 9

Explain the mechanism of the action of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) in treating diseases.

Accepted Answer

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Pa

Question 10

The glyosidic linkage in a nucleoside forms from the C-1' carbon of the sugar to the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  N-9 nitrogen of pyrimidines 
B)  N-6 nitrogen of purine s 
C)  N-2 nitrogen of purines 
D)  N-1 nitrogen of pyrimidines 
A)  N-9 nitrogen of pyrimidines 
B)  N-6 nitrogen of purine s 
C)  N-2 nitrogen of purines 
D)  N-1 nitrogen of pyrimidines

Question 11

Which is the dominant form of DNA found in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  Z 
D)  H 
E)  All forms of DNA are found in equal amounts 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  Z 
D)  H 
E)  All forms of DNA are found in equal amounts

Question 12

In the DNA in chromatin, substitution mutations:

Accepted Answer

A)  are at a maximum in the linker regions 
B)  are at a maximum in the nucleosomes 
C)  occur maximally in the same places as deletion mutations 
D)  are rarely seen, but deletion mutations are common 
A)  are at a maximum in the linker regions 
B)  are at a maximum in the nucleosomes 
C)  occur maximally in the same places as deletion mutations 
D)  are rarely seen, but deletion mutations are common

Question 13

The three dimensional structure of nucleic acids can include all except :

Accepted Answer

A)  Supercoiling 
B)  Base stacking 
C)  Hairpin loops 
D)  Circular molecules 
E)  All of these can be included in the three dimensional structure 
A)  Supercoiling 
B)  Base stacking 
C)  Hairpin loops 
D)  Circular molecules 
E)  All of these can be included in the three dimensional structure

Question 14

Supercoiling of DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  is not observed in prokaryotes 
B)  requires the action of topoisomerase enzymes 
C)  does not require ATP 
D)  is not observed in eukaryotes 
A)  is not observed in prokaryotes 
B)  requires the action of topoisomerase enzymes 
C)  does not require ATP 
D)  is not observed in eukaryotes

Question 15

The melting profile for a DNA is found to differ in two different salt solutions. In 0.001 M NaCl, Tm = 55 ° C, and in 0.01 M NaCl, Tm = 65 ° C. The fundamental reason for this change is

Accepted Answer

A)  higher salt concentration increases the electrostatic repulsions between phosphates 
B)  the base stacking is more effective in high salt 
C)  hydrogen bonding between complementary bases in enhanced at high salt 
D)  higher salt concentration decreases the electrostatic repulsions between phosphates 
A)  higher salt concentration increases the electrostatic repulsions between phosphates 
B)  the base stacking is more effective in high salt 
C)  hydrogen bonding between complementary bases in enhanced at high salt 
D)  higher salt concentration decreases the electrostatic repulsions between phosphates

Question 16

How does the enzyme ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyletransferase aid in quality control of formation of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It puts a CCA on the 5' end 
B)  It puts a CCA on the 3' end 
C)  It puts a CCACCA on the 3' end of defective tRNA molecules or tRNA-like molelcules that are not true tRNA 
D)  None of these 
A)  It puts a CCA on the 5' end 
B)  It puts a CCA on the 3' end 
C)  It puts a CCACCA on the 3' end of defective tRNA molecules or tRNA-like molelcules that are not true tRNA 
D)  None of these

Question 17

In analytical ultracentrifugation the sedimentation coefficient, which is expressed in Svedberg units (S), characterizes a sedimenting particle on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  size only 
B)  shape only 
C)  both size and shape 
D)  neither size nor shape 
A)  size only 
B)  shape only 
C)  both size and shape 
D)  neither size nor shape

Question 18

The most recent discoveries in RNA research are:

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA and tRNA 
B)  MiRNA and SiRNA 
C)  snRNA and snurps 
D)  tRNA and MiRNA 
A)  mRNA and tRNA 
B)  MiRNA and SiRNA 
C)  snRNA and snurps 
D)  tRNA and MiRNA

Question 19

Transfer RNA molecules are characterized by all the following, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  They are one of the largest of the RNAs. 
B)  Cloverleaf shape. 
C)  Many modified bases. 
D)  Extensive secondary and tertiary structure. 
E)  All of these characterize transfer RNA molecules. 
A)  They are one of the largest of the RNAs. 
B)  Cloverleaf shape. 
C)  Many modified bases. 
D)  Extensive secondary and tertiary structure. 
E)  All of these characterize transfer RNA molecules.

Question 20

The human genome has 3 × 109 base pairs (bp) of DNA If this were one continuous molecule and extended such that each nucleotide was separated from the adjacent nucleotide by 4 Å, as proposed in the Watson and Crick model, what would the end-to-end distance be?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 meter 
B)  1 centimeter 
C)  1000 centimeters 
D)  1014 Å 
A)  1 meter 
B)  1 centimeter 
C)  1000 centimeters 
D)  1014 Å

Exam 9: Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

The A and B forms of DNA

Histones contain large amounts of which of the following amino acids?

The hydrogen bonding interactions in a Watson-Crick AT base-pair involve what units in the adenine base?

The following types of RNA are common to all organisms, except :

The outside diameter of a piece of DNA is closest to

In a melting profile for DNA, the absorbance at 260 nm increases as result of the disruption of the DNA structure. What is the fundamental physical basis for the absorbance increase?

The study of DNA changes that are not reflected in the base sequence is called:

The oligonucleotide AGGUCCAUUGAAp, is best described as

Explain the mechanism of the action of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) in treating diseases.

The glyosidic linkage in a nucleoside forms from the C-1' carbon of the sugar to the _____.

Which is the dominant form of DNA found in the cell?

In the DNA in chromatin, substitution mutations:

The three dimensional structure of nucleic acids can include all except :

Supercoiling of DNA

The melting profile for a DNA is found to differ in two different salt solutions. In 0.001 M NaCl, Tm = 55 ° C, and in 0.01 M NaCl, Tm = 65 ° C. The fundamental reason for this change is

How does the enzyme ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyletransferase aid in quality control of formation of tRNA?

In analytical ultracentrifugation the sedimentation coefficient, which is expressed in Svedberg units (S), characterizes a sedimenting particle on the basis of

The most recent discoveries in RNA research are:

Transfer RNA molecules are characterized by all the following, except :

The human genome has 3 × 109 base pairs (bp) of DNA If this were one continuous molecule and extended such that each nucleotide was separated from the adjacent nucleotide by 4 Å, as proposed in the Watson and Crick model, what would the end-to-end distance be?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

Filters

The glyosidic linkage in a nucleoside forms from the C-1^' carbon of the sugar to the _____.

The melting profile for a DNA is found to differ in two different salt solutions. In 0.001 M NaCl, T_m = 55 ° C, and in 0.01 M NaCl, T_m = 65 ° C. The fundamental reason for this change is

The human genome has 3 × 10⁹ base pairs (bp) of DNA If this were one continuous molecule and extended such that each nucleotide was separated from the adjacent nucleotide by 4 Å, as proposed in the Watson and Crick model, what would the end-to-end distance be?