Question 1

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molecular oxygen is always a substrate in oxidation reactions. 
B)  Oxidation reactions involve the movement of electrons from one molecule to another 
C)  When a molecule is oxidized, it loses electrons 
D)  Reduction involves the gain of electrons 
A)  Molecular oxygen is always a substrate in oxidation reactions. 
B)  Oxidation reactions involve the movement of electrons from one molecule to another 
C)  When a molecule is oxidized, it loses electrons 
D)  Reduction involves the gain of electrons

Question 2

Which of the following is not a part of FAD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ribitol 
B)  isoalloxazine 
C)  adenine 
D)  ribose 
E)  nicotinamide 
A)  Ribitol 
B)  isoalloxazine 
C)  adenine 
D)  ribose 
E)  nicotinamide

Question 3

Exhibit 15A Consider the reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase.   Refer to Exhibit 15A. Which molecule is reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethanol 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  Acetaldehyde 
D)  NADH 
E)  H+ 
A)  Ethanol 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  Acetaldehyde 
D)  NADH 
E)  H+

Question 4

Which of the following are examples of endergonic processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein synthesis and active transport 
B)  protein synthesis and oxidation of carbohydrates 
C)  active transport and oxidation of carbohydrates 
D)  oxidation of fats and of carbohydrates 
A)  protein synthesis and active transport 
B)  protein synthesis and oxidation of carbohydrates 
C)  active transport and oxidation of carbohydrates 
D)  oxidation of fats and of carbohydrates

Question 5

Many cells oxidize fatty acids to produce ATP. If no ATP were produced, the Δ G ° ' of this process would be

Accepted Answer

A)  unchanged 
B)  a larger positive number 
C)  a larger negative number 
D)  impossible to determine 
A)  unchanged 
B)  a larger positive number 
C)  a larger negative number 
D)  impossible to determine

Question 6

In general, catabolism

Accepted Answer

A)  is an oxidative process that releases energy 
B)  is a reductive process that releases energy 
C)  is an oxidative process that requires energy 
D)  is a reductive process that requires energy 
E)  none of these 
A)  is an oxidative process that releases energy 
B)  is a reductive process that releases energy 
C)  is an oxidative process that requires energy 
D)  is a reductive process that requires energy 
E)  none of these

Question 7

If the reaction A → B has Δ G = +25 Joule\mol and the reaction B → C has Δ G = − 15 Joule\mol, the overall energy change A → C will be

Accepted Answer

A)  − 40 Joule\mol. 
B)  − 15 Joule\mol. 
C)  +10 Joule\mol. 
D)  +40 Joule\mol. 
E)  You cannot determine the overall reaction from the given data. 
A)  − 40 Joule\mol. 
B)  − 15 Joule\mol. 
C)  +10 Joule\mol. 
D)  +40 Joule\mol. 
E)  You cannot determine the overall reaction from the given data.

Question 8

Which of the following is not true concerning standard states?

Accepted Answer

A)  For pure liquids, the standard state is 1M 
B)  For pure solids, the standard state is the pure solid itself 
C)  For gases, the standard state is 1 atmosphere 
D)  For solutes, the standard state is 1M 
E)  All of the answers are true 
A)  For pure liquids, the standard state is 1M 
B)  For pure solids, the standard state is the pure solid itself 
C)  For gases, the standard state is 1 atmosphere 
D)  For solutes, the standard state is 1M 
E)  All of the answers are true

Question 9

Which of the following are examples of exergonic processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein synthesis and active transport 
B)  protein synthesis and oxidation of carbohydrates 
C)  active transport and oxidation of carbohydrates 
D)  oxidation of fats and of carbohydrates 
A)  protein synthesis and active transport 
B)  protein synthesis and oxidation of carbohydrates 
C)  active transport and oxidation of carbohydrates 
D)  oxidation of fats and of carbohydrates

Question 10

Spontaneous reaction always occurs at a relatively fast rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In metabolism the term "activation" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of a component of a metabolic pathway into a reactive compound. 
B)  addition of a catalyst. 
C)  bypassing endergonic reactions in a pathway. 
D)  bypassing the unreactive components of a pathway. 
A)  conversion of a component of a metabolic pathway into a reactive compound. 
B)  addition of a catalyst. 
C)  bypassing endergonic reactions in a pathway. 
D)  bypassing the unreactive components of a pathway.

Question 12

A biological reaction with a significantly postive Δ G under cellular conditions may proceed in the forward direction because

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell will change the concentrations of the substrates and products so that the reaction can occur 
B)  The cell will raise the temperature, thereby affecting the overall thermodynamics of the reaction 
C)  the reaction can be coupled to a reaction with a more significant negative Δ G 
D)  reactions with positive Δ G values always proceed in the forward direction 
E)  None of these 
A)  The cell will change the concentrations of the substrates and products so that the reaction can occur 
B)  The cell will raise the temperature, thereby affecting the overall thermodynamics of the reaction 
C)  the reaction can be coupled to a reaction with a more significant negative Δ G 
D)  reactions with positive Δ G values always proceed in the forward direction 
E)  None of these

Question 13

What happens to the entropy of a molecule as the number of resonance structures increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entropy also increases. 
B)  Entropy decreases. 
C)  Entropy has no relationship to the number of resonance structures. 
A)  Entropy also increases. 
B)  Entropy decreases. 
C)  Entropy has no relationship to the number of resonance structures.

Question 14

Which best describes the Δ G for hydrolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions in which the concentration of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate all equal 1 mM at 25 ° C. The Δ G ° for the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate at 25 ° C is − 43 kJ\mol.

Accepted Answer

A)  Δ G − 43 kJ\mol 
B)  Δ G = − 43 kJ\mol 
C)  − 43 kJ\mol Δ G ≤ 0 kJ\mol 
D)  Δ G > 0 kJ\mol 
A)  Δ G − 43 kJ\mol 
B)  Δ G = − 43 kJ\mol 
C)  − 43 kJ\mol Δ G ≤ 0 kJ\mol 
D)  Δ G > 0 kJ\mol

Question 15

The phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP is endergonic because

Accepted Answer

A)  a negatively charged ion is bonded to a molecule that already carries a negative charge 
B)  ATP is more stable than ADP 
C)  the entropy of the products is less than that of the reactants 
D)  polyphosphate chains are the storage form of phosphorus in living organisms 
A)  a negatively charged ion is bonded to a molecule that already carries a negative charge 
B)  ATP is more stable than ADP 
C)  the entropy of the products is less than that of the reactants 
D)  polyphosphate chains are the storage form of phosphorus in living organisms

Question 16

In order to drive the synthesis of ATP, the hydrolysis of an organic phosphate

Accepted Answer

A)  must have a higher free energy change. 
B)  must have a lower free energy change. 
C)  must have a free energy change equal to that of ATP. 
A)  must have a higher free energy change. 
B)  must have a lower free energy change. 
C)  must have a free energy change equal to that of ATP.

Question 17

An organism that is at equilibrium would be

Accepted Answer

A)  in a steady state 
B)  an open system 
C)  dead 
D)  energetically balanced 
A)  in a steady state 
B)  an open system 
C)  dead 
D)  energetically balanced

Question 18

Consider this rxn which has a Δ G ° = +0.4 kJ\mol.
A + B ↔ C + D
1 M A, 1 M B, 0.1 M C and 0.1 M D are added to a container at room temperature. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction will proceed in the forward direction to reach equilibrium. 
B)  The reaction will proceed in the backward direction to reach equilibrium. 
C)  The reaction will not proceed in either direction; it is already at equilibrium. 
D)  Cannot be determined from the information provided. 
A)  The reaction will proceed in the forward direction to reach equilibrium. 
B)  The reaction will proceed in the backward direction to reach equilibrium. 
C)  The reaction will not proceed in either direction; it is already at equilibrium. 
D)  Cannot be determined from the information provided.

Question 19

The oxidation of nutrients supplies the energy to produce ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The standard state usually used in biochemistry ( Δ G ° ') includes

Accepted Answer

A)  all concentrations at 1 M. 
B)  all concentrations at 1 M, except for [H+], which is 10 − 7 M. 
C)  same as a), but at 25 ° C. 
D)  same as b), but at 25 ° C. 
E)  None of the answers 
A)  all concentrations at 1 M. 
B)  all concentrations at 1 M, except for [H+], which is 10 − 7 M. 
C)  same as a), but at 25 ° C. 
D)  same as b), but at 25 ° C. 
E)  None of the answers

Exam 15: The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Which of the following is not true?

Which of the following is not a part of FAD?

Exhibit 15A Consider the reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase. Refer to Exhibit 15A. Which molecule is reduced?

Which of the following are examples of endergonic processes?

Many cells oxidize fatty acids to produce ATP. If no ATP were produced, the Δ G ° ' of this process would be

In general, catabolism

If the reaction A → B has Δ G = +25 Joule\mol and the reaction B → C has Δ G = − 15 Joule\mol, the overall energy change A → C will be

Which of the following is not true concerning standard states?

Which of the following are examples of exergonic processes?

Spontaneous reaction always occurs at a relatively fast rate.

In metabolism the term "activation" refers to

A biological reaction with a significantly postive Δ G under cellular conditions may proceed in the forward direction because

What happens to the entropy of a molecule as the number of resonance structures increases?

Which best describes the Δ G for hydrolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions in which the concentration of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate all equal 1 mM at 25 ° C. The Δ G ° for the hydrolysis of creatine phosphate at 25 ° C is − 43 kJ\mol.

The phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP is endergonic because

In order to drive the synthesis of ATP, the hydrolysis of an organic phosphate

An organism that is at equilibrium would be

Consider this rxn which has a Δ G ° = +0.4 kJ\mol. A + B ↔ C + D 1 M A, 1 M B, 0.1 M C and 0.1 M D are added to a container at room temperature. Which of the following statements is true?

The oxidation of nutrients supplies the energy to produce ATP.

The standard state usually used in biochemistry ( Δ G ° ') includes

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

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