Question 1

Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements

Accepted Answer

A) usually followed a motor action by a fraction of a second. 
B) were influenced by unusual objects placed in the scene. 
C) were determined primarily by the task. 
D) continually scanned all objects and areas of the scene. 
A) usually followed a motor action by a fraction of a second. 
B) were influenced by unusual objects placed in the scene. 
C) were determined primarily by the task. 
D) continually scanned all objects and areas of the scene. C

Question 2

Imagine that U.S.lawmakers are considering changing the driving laws and that you have been consulted as an attention expert.Given the principles of divided attention,in which of the following conditions would a person have the most difficulty with driving and therefore pose the biggest safety risk on the road?

Accepted Answer

A) When the person has to drive to work early in the morning 
B) When the driver is stuck in stop-and-go traffic 
C) When the driver has to park in a crowded parking garage 
D) When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate 
A) When the person has to drive to work early in the morning 
B) When the driver is stuck in stop-and-go traffic 
C) When the driver has to park in a crowded parking garage 
D) When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate D

Question 3

Define automatic processing.Describe the research by Shiffrin and Schneider,which showed how practice can affect our ability to do multiple tasks simultaneously.In your description,clearly distinguish between consistent and varied mapping,both in terms of procedure and results.

Accepted Answer

Automatic processing refers to the ability to perform tasks with little to no conscious effort or attention. This type of processing occurs when a task has been practiced to the point where it becomes almost second nature.

Shiffrin and Schneider conducted research to investigate how practice can affect our ability to do multiple tasks simultaneously. They used a task-switching paradigm where participants were required to respond to different stimuli based on specific rules. The researchers manipulated the consistency of the mapping between the stimuli and the responses to examine the effects of practice on automatic processing.

In the consistent mapping condition, the stimuli and responses remained the same throughout the experiment, allowing participants to develop automatic processing for the task. In the varied mapping condition, the stimuli and responses changed, preventing participants from developing automatic processing.

The results of the study showed that participants in the consistent mapping condition were able to perform the task more quickly and accurately compared to those in the varied mapping condition. This demonstrated that practice and consistent mapping can lead to the development of automatic processing, allowing individuals to perform tasks more efficiently and with less cognitive effort.

Overall, Shiffrin and Schneider's research highlighted the importance of practice and consistent mapping in developing automatic processing, which can significantly impact our ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously.

Question 4

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved?

Accepted Answer

A) Driving home while thinking about a problem at work 
B) Reading a novel while walking on a treadmill 
C) Humming a familiar song while washing dishes 
D) Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle 
A) Driving home while thinking about a problem at work 
B) Reading a novel while walking on a treadmill 
C) Humming a familiar song while washing dishes 
D) Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle

Question 5

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?

Accepted Answer

A) The word "money" 
B) Their child's first name 
C) The word "home" 
D) The word "platypus" 
A) The word "money" 
B) Their child's first name 
C) The word "home" 
D) The word "platypus"

Question 6

The "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on

Accepted Answer

A) meaning. 
B) modality. 
C) physical characteristics. 
D) higher order characteristics. 
A) meaning. 
B) modality. 
C) physical characteristics. 
D) higher order characteristics.

Question 7

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment,participants watch a film of people playing basketball.Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

Accepted Answer

A) woman with the umbrella was in motion,just like the players. 
B) the umbrella was the same color as the floor. 
C) participants were counting the number of ball passes. 
D) participants were not asked if they saw anything unusual. 
A) woman with the umbrella was in motion,just like the players. 
B) the umbrella was the same color as the floor. 
C) participants were counting the number of ball passes. 
D) participants were not asked if they saw anything unusual.

Question 8

According to your text,the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) practice. 
B) the type of processing being used. 
C) the difficulty of the tasks. 
D) task cueing. 
A) practice. 
B) the type of processing being used. 
C) the difficulty of the tasks. 
D) task cueing.

Question 9

Dichotic listening occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) the same message is presented to the left and right ears. 
B) different messages are presented to the left and right ears. 
C) a message is presented to one ear,and a masking noise is presented to the other ear. 
D) participants are asked to listen to a message and look at a visual stimulus,both at the same time. 
A) the same message is presented to the left and right ears. 
B) different messages are presented to the left and right ears. 
C) a message is presented to one ear,and a masking noise is presented to the other ear. 
D) participants are asked to listen to a message and look at a visual stimulus,both at the same time.

Question 10

Difficulty in recognizing an alteration - even a very obvious one - in a scene is calledblindness.

Accepted Answer

A) covert 
B) exogenous 
C) endogenous 
D) change 
A) covert 
B) exogenous 
C) endogenous 
D) change

Question 11

Define change blindness.Explain two sets of experimental data that illustrate this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

Change blindness is a phenomenon in whic

Question 12

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

Accepted Answer

A) the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information. 
B) the filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store. 
C) only a select set of environmental information enters the system. 
D) incoming information is selected by the detector. 
A) the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information. 
B) the filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store. 
C) only a select set of environmental information enters the system. 
D) incoming information is selected by the detector.

Question 13

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

Accepted Answer

A) A result where listeners don't notice words presented up to 35 times in the unattended ear 
B) A result where listeners can shadow a message presented in the attended ear 
C) The result of Cherry's experiment demonstrating the cocktail party phenomenon 
D) The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment 
A) A result where listeners don't notice words presented up to 35 times in the unattended ear 
B) A result where listeners can shadow a message presented in the attended ear 
C) The result of Cherry's experiment demonstrating the cocktail party phenomenon 
D) The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment

Question 14

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations,he is engaged in the process ofattention.

Accepted Answer

A) low load 
B) divided 
C) cocktail party 
D) selective 
A) low load 
B) divided 
C) cocktail party 
D) selective

Question 15

Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner.This is a real-world example of

Accepted Answer

A) the late-selection model of attention. 
B) an object-based attentional failure. 
C) inattentional blindness. 
D) the cocktail party phenomenon. 
A) the late-selection model of attention. 
B) an object-based attentional failure. 
C) inattentional blindness. 
D) the cocktail party phenomenon.

Question 16

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

Accepted Answer

A) Late selection 
B) Stroop experiments 
C) Precueing 
D) Dictionary unit 
A) Late selection 
B) Stroop experiments 
C) Precueing 
D) Dictionary unit

Question 17

Treisman's model has been called a "leaky filter" model.Describe her model,and explain why it is "leaky." How does Treisman's model explain the results of Moray's "words in the unattended ear" experiment?

Accepted Answer

Treisman's model of selective attention,

Question 18

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A) Early selection 
B) Filtering 
C) Channeling 
D) Dichotic listening 
A) Early selection 
B) Filtering 
C) Channeling 
D) Dichotic listening

Question 19

The notion that faster responding occurs when enhancement spreads within an object is called

Accepted Answer

A) high-load detraction. 
B) divided attention. 
C) location-based potentiation. 
D) same-object advantage. 
A) high-load detraction. 
B) divided attention. 
C) location-based potentiation. 
D) same-object advantage.

Question 20

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list,while your roommate is watching TV in the next room.A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV.Although you are not paying attention to the TV,you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list.Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?

Accepted Answer

A) Object-based 
B) Early selection 
C) Spotlight 
D) Late selection 
A) Object-based 
B) Early selection 
C) Spotlight 
D) Late selection

Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements

Define automatic processing.Describe the research by Shiffrin and Schneider,which showed how practice can affect our ability to do multiple tasks simultaneously.In your description,clearly distinguish between consistent and varied mapping,both in terms of procedure and results.

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved?

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?

The "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment,participants watch a film of people playing basketball.Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

According to your text,the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Dichotic listening occurs when

Difficulty in recognizing an alteration - even a very obvious one - in a scene is calledblindness.

Define change blindness.Explain two sets of experimental data that illustrate this phenomenon.

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations,he is engaged in the process ofattention.

Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner.This is a real-world example of

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

Treisman's model has been called a "leaky filter" model.Describe her model,and explain why it is "leaky." How does Treisman's model explain the results of Moray's "words in the unattended ear" experiment?

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

The notion that faster responding occurs when enhancement spreads within an object is called

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation.

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge.

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 4: Attention.

Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements

Define automatic processing.Describe the research by Shiffrin and Schneider,which showed how practice can affect our ability to do multiple tasks simultaneously.In your description,clearly distinguish between consistent and varied mapping,both in terms of procedure and results.

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved?

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?

The "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment,participants watch a film of people playing basketball.Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

According to your text,the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Dichotic listening occurs when

Difficulty in recognizing an alteration - even a very obvious one - in a scene is calledblindness.

Define change blindness.Explain two sets of experimental data that illustrate this phenomenon.

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations,he is engaged in the process ofattention.

Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner.This is a real-world example of

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

Treisman's model has been called a "leaky filter" model.Describe her model,and explain why it is "leaky." How does Treisman's model explain the results of Moray's "words in the unattended ear" experiment?

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

The notion that faster responding occurs when enhancement spreads within an object is called

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation.

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge.

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters