Question 1

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of information contained in each concept. 
B) the distance that must be traveled through the network. 
C) the typicality of the information contained in each concept. 
D) the representativeness of the information contained in each concept. 
A) the amount of information contained in each concept. 
B) the distance that must be traveled through the network. 
C) the typicality of the information contained in each concept. 
D) the representativeness of the information contained in each concept. B

Question 2

Items high on prototypicality havefamily resemblances.

Accepted Answer

A) no 
B) weak 
C) moderate 
D) strong 
A) no 
B) weak 
C) moderate 
D) strong D

Question 3

Themodel includes associations between concepts and the property of spreading activation.

Accepted Answer

A) parallel distributed processing 
B) connectionist network 
C) neural network 
D) semantic network 
A) parallel distributed processing 
B) connectionist network 
C) neural network 
D) semantic network D

Question 4

In a lexical decision task,participants have to decide whether

Accepted Answer

A) a statement is true. 
B) a presented stimulus is a word. 
C) a stimulus is presented. 
D) two stimuli are associated. 
A) a statement is true. 
B) a presented stimulus is a word. 
C) a stimulus is presented. 
D) two stimuli are associated.

Question 5

Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features.Most fish have gills,fins,and scales.Sharks lack the feature of scales,yet they are still categorized as fish.This poses a problem for theapproach to categorization.

Accepted Answer

A) prototype 
B) exemplar 
C) definitional 
D) family resemblance 
A) prototype 
B) exemplar 
C) definitional 
D) family resemblance

Question 6

The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of "chairs" (e.g. ,most chairs have four legs but not all do)is

Accepted Answer

A) family resemblance. 
B) prototypicality. 
C) graded membership. 
D) instance theory. 
A) family resemblance. 
B) prototypicality. 
C) graded membership. 
D) instance theory.

Question 7

Spreading activation

Accepted Answer

A) primes associated concepts. 
B) inhibits unrelated concepts. 
C) creates new links between associated concepts. 
D) weakens the link between unrelated concepts. 
A) primes associated concepts. 
B) inhibits unrelated concepts. 
C) creates new links between associated concepts. 
D) weakens the link between unrelated concepts.

Question 8

Olin and Bob are neighbors.Olin loves birds and his father works for the zoo.He has been to a dozen bird sanctuaries,and he and his dad go on bird watching hikes once a month.In contrast,Bob doesn't think much about birds.His only contact with them is in his backyard.It would be correct to say that Olin's standard probably involves

Accepted Answer

A) more prototypes than Bob's. 
B) more exemplars than Bob's. 
C) more prototypes and more exemplars than Bob's. 
D) the same prototypes and exemplars as Bob's. 
A) more prototypes than Bob's. 
B) more exemplars than Bob's. 
C) more prototypes and more exemplars than Bob's. 
D) the same prototypes and exemplars as Bob's.

Question 9

Learning takes place in a connectionist network through a process ofin which an error signal is transmitted starting from the property units.

Accepted Answer

A) graceful degradation 
B) error verification 
C) spreading activation 
D) back propagation 
A) graceful degradation 
B) error verification 
C) spreading activation 
D) back propagation

Question 10

Two different definitions ofoffered by your book include (a)"the mental representation of a class or individual," and (b)"the meaning of objects,events,and abstract ideas."

Accepted Answer

A) exemplars 
B) concepts 
C) units 
D) prototypes 
A) exemplars 
B) concepts 
C) units 
D) prototypes

Question 11

Explain how learning occurs in a connectionist network.Describe the process of back propagation.How is the pattern of output activity in a network adjusted so that the output signal matches the correct signal for a given stimulus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how learning occurs in a connectionist...

Question 12

are actual members of a category that a person has encountered in the past.

Accepted Answer

A) Icons 
B) Prototypes 
C) Units 
D) Exemplars 
A) Icons 
B) Prototypes 
C) Units 
D) Exemplars

Question 13

The connectionist network has learned the correct pattern for a concept when

Accepted Answer

A) the connection weights add up to exactly +1.00. 
B) the output pattern matches the initial input pattern and this symmetry becomes "locked" into the system. 
C) the error signals are reduced to nearly none and the correct properties are assigned. 
D) the output unit response is greater than zero and the input signal has to compensate. 
A) the connection weights add up to exactly +1.00. 
B) the output pattern matches the initial input pattern and this symmetry becomes "locked" into the system. 
C) the error signals are reduced to nearly none and the correct properties are assigned. 
D) the output unit response is greater than zero and the input signal has to compensate.

Question 14

Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network

Accepted Answer

A) connection weights. 
B) nodes. 
C) hidden units. 
D) output units. 
A) connection weights. 
B) nodes. 
C) hidden units. 
D) output units.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the sentence verification technique?

Accepted Answer

A) Indicate whether the following statement was previously presented: An apple is a fruit.YES NO 
B) Indicate whether the following statement is true: An apple is a fruit.YES NO 
C) Fill in the blank in the following sentence: An apple is a(n) . 
D) Fill in the blank in the following sentence: A(n) is a fruit. 
A) Indicate whether the following statement was previously presented: An apple is a fruit.YES NO 
B) Indicate whether the following statement is true: An apple is a fruit.YES NO 
C) Fill in the blank in the following sentence: An apple is a(n) . 
D) Fill in the blank in the following sentence: A(n) is a fruit.

Question 16

How is cognitive economy represented in the following example? The propertyis stored at thenode.

Accepted Answer

A) can fly;bird 
B) can fly;canary 
C) has feathers;ostrich 
D) bird;penguin 
A) can fly;bird 
B) can fly;canary 
C) has feathers;ostrich 
D) bird;penguin

Question 17

According to Rosch,thelevel of categories is the psychologically "privileged" level of category that reflects people's everyday experience.

Accepted Answer

A) superordinate 
B) prototypical 
C) basic 
D) subordinate 
A) superordinate 
B) prototypical 
C) basic 
D) subordinate

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a property of the connectionist approach?

Accepted Answer

A) The operation of connectionist networks is not totally disrupted by damage. 
B) Connectionist networks can explain generalization of learning. 
C) Before any learning has occurred in the network,the weights in the network all equal zero. 
D) The connectionist model is rather complex,and involves components like units,links,and connection weights. 
A) The operation of connectionist networks is not totally disrupted by damage. 
B) Connectionist networks can explain generalization of learning. 
C) Before any learning has occurred in the network,the weights in the network all equal zero. 
D) The connectionist model is rather complex,and involves components like units,links,and connection weights.

Question 19

The definitional approach to categorization

Accepted Answer

A) is not well suited for geometrical objects but works for familiar everyday objects. 
B) sets definite criteria called family resemblances that all category members must have. 
C) doesn't work well for most natural objects like birds,trees,and plants. 
D) was proposed to replace the prototype approach. 
A) is not well suited for geometrical objects but works for familiar everyday objects. 
B) sets definite criteria called family resemblances that all category members must have. 
C) doesn't work well for most natural objects like birds,trees,and plants. 
D) was proposed to replace the prototype approach.

Question 20

Which of the following members would most likely be ranked highest in prototypicality in the "birds" category?

Accepted Answer

A) Crow 
B) Goose 
C) Hummingbird 
D) Sparrow 
A) Crow 
B) Goose 
C) Hummingbird 
D) Sparrow

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by

Items high on prototypicality havefamily resemblances.

Themodel includes associations between concepts and the property of spreading activation.

In a lexical decision task,participants have to decide whether

Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features.Most fish have gills,fins,and scales.Sharks lack the feature of scales,yet they are still categorized as fish.This poses a problem for theapproach to categorization.

The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of "chairs" (e.g. ,most chairs have four legs but not all do)is

Spreading activation

Learning takes place in a connectionist network through a process ofin which an error signal is transmitted starting from the property units.

Two different definitions ofoffered by your book include (a)"the mental representation of a class or individual," and (b)"the meaning of objects,events,and abstract ideas."

Explain how learning occurs in a connectionist network.Describe the process of back propagation.How is the pattern of output activity in a network adjusted so that the output signal matches the correct signal for a given stimulus?

are actual members of a category that a person has encountered in the past.

The connectionist network has learned the correct pattern for a concept when

Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network

Which of the following is an example of the sentence verification technique?

How is cognitive economy represented in the following example? The propertyis stored at thenode.

According to Rosch,thelevel of categories is the psychologically "privileged" level of category that reflects people's everyday experience.

Which of the following is NOT a property of the connectionist approach?

The definitional approach to categorization

Which of the following members would most likely be ranked highest in prototypicality in the "birds" category?

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Attention.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation.

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 9: Conceptual Knowledge.

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by

Items high on prototypicality havefamily resemblances.

Themodel includes associations between concepts and the property of spreading activation.

In a lexical decision task,participants have to decide whether

Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features.Most fish have gills,fins,and scales.Sharks lack the feature of scales,yet they are still categorized as fish.This poses a problem for theapproach to categorization.

The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of "chairs" (e.g. ,most chairs have four legs but not all do)is

Spreading activation

Learning takes place in a connectionist network through a process ofin which an error signal is transmitted starting from the property units.

Two different definitions ofoffered by your book include (a)"the mental representation of a class or individual," and (b)"the meaning of objects,events,and abstract ideas."

Explain how learning occurs in a connectionist network.Describe the process of back propagation.How is the pattern of output activity in a network adjusted so that the output signal matches the correct signal for a given stimulus?

are actual members of a category that a person has encountered in the past.

The connectionist network has learned the correct pattern for a concept when

Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network

Which of the following is an example of the sentence verification technique?

How is cognitive economy represented in the following example? The propertyis stored at thenode.

According to Rosch,thelevel of categories is the psychologically "privileged" level of category that reflects people's everyday experience.

Which of the following is NOT a property of the connectionist approach?

The definitional approach to categorization

Which of the following members would most likely be ranked highest in prototypicality in the "birds" category?

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Attention.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation.

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters