Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

You are a very good bowler now, but you did not start out that way. Your father reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months through a process known as shaping.

In recent years, the violent crime rate among youth has risen even as sales of violent video games have declined.

In classical conditioning, the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Superstitious behaviors are observed in people, not in other animals.

Regarding associative and cognitive learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The schedule of reinforcement in which a set number of responses must be made for each reward is called

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner. If Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior, he will be most successful by praising Jimmy

Cynthia is an elementary classroom teacher who often yells and humiliates her students when they misbehave. A fellow teacher suggests that she use praise, approval, and rewards to change the students' behaviors. According to research, what would you tell Cynthia?

Many of the emotional (positive or negative) attitudes that people develop toward foods, political parties, and ethnic groups were developed in childhood by observing how their parents responded to these same foods or groups. Thus, these reactions were probably conditioned

A few weeks after giving up on buying state lottery tickets, many people are tempted to try again, thus, illustrating the concept of

Which of the following behaviors is the LEAST likely to reoccur?

Most nights Ian comes home from work, turns on the TV, and eats a whole bag of cookies or chips. He then takes a shower and changes clothes. By supper time, he has lost his appetite. Ian realizes he is substituting junk food for supper, and wants to change this habit. To do this, he decides to shower immediately when he gets home and avoid turning on the TV until after supper. Ian will be utilizing the strategy that involves

Mitzi is extremely afraid of cats because she was badly scratched by one when she was younger. Abby is also afraid of cats, although she has never been scratched by one. However, Abby's mother is also afraid of cats. (a) Explain the way that Mitzi developed her phobia, using the US, UR, CS, and CR. (b) Explain the way Abby developed her phobia. (c) Describe how Mitzi, Abby, and Abby's mother could overcome their phobias.

The most complex serious games allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" to learn to solve real-world problems. By seeing the effects of their choices, students discover basic principles in a variety of subjects. These complex serious games are called

When using behavioral self-management, one primarily utilizes the principles of classical conditioning.

Which of the following is a real world example of using positive reinforcement to change people's behaviors so that they would increase their conservation efforts?

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

An emotional response that has been linked to a previously nonemotional stimulus by classical conditioning is called a(n)

If you learn to make a response that will end an unpleasant or aversive situation, then you are exhibiting

In its simplest form, classical conditioning depends on