Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in stimulus generalization.

Often influencing human behaviors are learned desires for attention and approval, which are considered secondary reinforcers, and are called __________ reinforcers.

You have just broken up with your boyfriend. You are sitting at a table with friends when you see him enter the restaurant. He has not seen you yet, so you duck into the restroom. You are exhibiting __________ learning.

A child watches other children wince with pain as they receive hypodermic injections. Although the child has never received an injection, he responds fearfully when a needle is brought near him. His reaction is an example of __________ classical conditioning.

A tangible secondary reinforcer, such as money, gold stars, or poker chips, that can be exchanged for food, lodgings, and other necessities is referred to as a(n) __________ reinforcer.

Mike and Jeff are brothers who have just moved with their parents into a beautiful old house. Mike soon discovers that if he flushes the toilet while Jeff is taking a shower, it will cause the water in the shower to become scalding hot. Naturally, Jeff screams as his reflexes cause him to leap backward in pain. After Mike has repeated this procedure several times, Jeff has begun to twitch involuntarily every time he hears any toilet flush. In this example, twitching involuntarily every time he hears the toilet flush would be the

In a behavioral contract, you state a specific problem behavior you want to control or a goal you want to achieve. You also state the rewards you will receive, privileges you will forfeit, or punishments you must accept, and the contract is signed by you and a person you trust.

Responses that are not always followed by reinforcement tend to become more and more resistant to extinction, according to the

The weakening or disappearance of a nonreinforced operant response is called operant __________.

Earlier studies of modeled aggression suggest that

Programmed learning can be effective in book form or in

A dog participating in agility training must navigate a variety of obstacles, such as jumping over hurdles, walking over seesaws, and running through tunnels with its trainer only able to reinforce the dog with a snack or hug after the dog completes the entire sequence. This dog training is accomplished through

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective feedback?

On Fridays, you know that you can dress casually for work, but on Wednesdays when the corporate executive usually drops by, you know you should dress in your best suit. This illustrates

Internal images or other mental representations of an area (maze, city, campus, etc.) that underlie an ability to choose alternative paths to the same goal is a(n) __________.

Compare and contrast classical and operant conditioning, including the nature of the response, the timing of learning, the role of the learner, the nature of the learning, and the learned expectancy for each.

A baby cries when it hears a stranger's voice but not when it hears its mother's voice. This illustrates

In which of the following does the nature of learning involve a neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS) through its association with an unconditioned stimulus (US)?

All of the following are basic tools available to control simple learning, EXCEPT

Concerning the effects of video game and television on aggression, which of the following statements is FALSE?