Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Tony is deathly afraid of heights. His therapist uses a virtual reality program that allows Tony to feel like he is experiencing gradually increasing levels of height. This therapy technique is a type of

Advertisers often try to use higher-order conditioning by

Food, water, pain reduction, sex, and brain stimulation are all considered to be primary reinforcers.

In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a

Self-management based on keeping records of response frequencies is known as

Six-year-old Mark watches his older brother doing his algebra homework. The main reason that Mark will be unable to model his brother's mathematical calculations will be because

Every time a video game player moves, the game instantly provides sounds, animated actions, and a higher or lower score. This situation illustrates the use of

The onset of an unpleasant event that reduces a target behavior is referred to as a negative punishment.

The concept of response chaining helps explain how the entire sequence of events necessary to prepare a meal is reinforced by the final dining experience.

Theresa has a phobia of insects and is undergoing a therapeutic technique in which she will be gradually exposed to the phobic stimuli of insects while she remains calm and relaxed. This therapeutic technique is called __________.

Every time you give advice to a friend she suddenly turns cold and distant. Lately, you've stopped offering her advice because your advice was negatively punished by rejection.

In Pavlov's experiments, the meat powder (food) placed on the dog's tongue was the

Tyler is a 12-year-old child who is frequently punished by his father, often lies about his whereabouts, and stays at a friend's house rather than going home. Tyler is demonstrating avoidance learning.

Advertisers often try to use higher-order conditioning by pairing images that evoke good feelings with pictures of their products.

Preschoolers Jordan and Dennis were throwing sticks at other students on the playground, so their teacher made them sit on the sidewalk for five minutes, taking them away from the fun activities on the playground. Their teacher was using

Regarding programmed instruction, the most complex serious games, which allow students to explore an imaginary situation or "microworld" and to learn to solve real-world problems, are called educational __________.

Whether we drive our car across an intersection depends on if the traffic light is red or green, which illustrates the principle of __________.

Regarding self-recording, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A behavior may be followed by a positive consequence, or reinforcer, such as food; or by a negative consequence, or punisher, such as a slap; or by nothing w ith these results determining whether a response is likely to be made again. The type of learning just described is

In one classic experiment, children learned to hit a "Bo-Bo Clown" doll