Question 1

An array of organisms together with their physical environment is referred to as a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  population 
B)  community 
C)  ecosystem 
D)  biosphere 
E)  landscape 
A)  population 
B)  community 
C)  ecosystem 
D)  biosphere 
E)  landscape

Question 2

Hoverflies like to drop in at outdoor picnics to sample the sweets, but the reaction of humans is to flee the scene because of the flies' uncanny resemblance to bees. Thus, the survival of hoverflies is enhanced by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mimicry 
B)  display behavior 
C)  warning coloration 
D)  chemical defenses 
E)  camouflage 
A)  mimicry 
B)  display behavior 
C)  warning coloration 
D)  chemical defenses 
E)  camouflage

Question 3

Considering the traditional view of ecological succession, which plant would most likely be a pioneer species in a primary succession event?

Accepted Answer

A)  an oak tree that produces acorns dispersed by squirrels 
B)  a snapdragon flower pollinated by bees 
C)  a dandelion that produces seeds asexually, which are dispersed by the wind 
D)  a perennial species such as Douglas fir trees 
E)  a birch tree 
A)  an oak tree that produces acorns dispersed by squirrels 
B)  a snapdragon flower pollinated by bees 
C)  a dandelion that produces seeds asexually, which are dispersed by the wind 
D)  a perennial species such as Douglas fir trees 
E)  a birch tree

Question 4

Two species of closely related squirrels both feed on acorns produced by oak trees. One species feeds exclusively near the top of the tree and the other feeds exclusively toward the bottom of the tree. This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive exclusion 
B)  resource partitioning 
C)  mutualism 
D)  commensalism 
E)  mimicry 
A)  competitive exclusion 
B)  resource partitioning 
C)  mutualism 
D)  commensalism 
E)  mimicry

Question 5

In this figure, what do the orange arrows marked #3 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  light energy 
B)  heat energy 
C)  greenhouse gases 
D)  atmospheric gases 
E)  carbon dioxide 
A)  light energy 
B)  heat energy 
C)  greenhouse gases 
D)  atmospheric gases 
E)  carbon dioxide

Question 6

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is destroying the ozone layer 
B)  has dramatically increased in the last few decades 
C)  is one of the prime reasons for acid depositions 
D)  is a waste gas produced by respiration and has no biological use 
E)  can change spontaneously to carbon monoxide in sunlight 
A)  is destroying the ozone layer 
B)  has dramatically increased in the last few decades 
C)  is one of the prime reasons for acid depositions 
D)  is a waste gas produced by respiration and has no biological use 
E)  can change spontaneously to carbon monoxide in sunlight

Question 7

How are parasitoids different from typical brood parasites?

Accepted Answer

A)  T hey are usually not insects. 
B)  T hey affect only plants. 
C)  T hey lay eggs inside a host, which is eventually killed. 
D)  They fool another species into caring for their young. 
E)  They usually only affect the eggs of birds. 
A)  T hey are usually not insects. 
B)  T hey affect only plants. 
C)  T hey lay eggs inside a host, which is eventually killed. 
D)  They fool another species into caring for their young. 
E)  They usually only affect the eggs of birds.

Question 8

Which term denotes the conditions, resources, and interactions necessary for survival and reproduction of a species?

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat 
B)  niche 
C)  carrying capacity 
D)  community 
E)  ecosystem 
A)  habitat 
B)  niche 
C)  carrying capacity 
D)  community 
E)  ecosystem

Question 9

The interaction between two species in which both species may be harmed is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitism 
B)  mutualism 
C)  competition 
D)  predation 
E)  commensalism 
A)  parasitism 
B)  mutualism 
C)  competition 
D)  predation 
E)  commensalism

Question 10

This orchid attached to a tree branch is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  competition 
B)  parasitism 
C)  predation 
D)  commensalism 
E)  mutualism 
A)  competition 
B)  parasitism 
C)  predation 
D)  commensalism 
E)  mutualism

Question 11

An example of a specific adaptation against predation is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic dinoflagellates providing sugars to corals 
B)  eagles and foxes fighting over a carcass 
C)  two species of Paramecium feeding on bacteria 
D)  sundew plants and wolf spiders competing for food 
E)  a skunk squirting foul-smelling, irritating repellents 
A)  photosynthetic dinoflagellates providing sugars to corals 
B)  eagles and foxes fighting over a carcass 
C)  two species of Paramecium feeding on bacteria 
D)  sundew plants and wolf spiders competing for food 
E)  a skunk squirting foul-smelling, irritating repellents

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: evaporation from ocean
transpiration (evaporation) from plants
precipitation into ocean
precipitation onto land
surface and groundwater flow

Accepted Answer

The Answer of C and B and D and E is...

Question 13

In a hypothetical land ecosystem, plants (the primary producers) capture 1000 kilocalories of sunlight energy per square meter per year. Approximately how many kilocalories of the plant's energy will be harvested by the third trophic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  10 
C)  100 
D)  1,000 
E)  2,000 
A)  1 
B)  10 
C)  100 
D)  1,000 
E)  2,000

Question 14

Solenopsis invicta, a species of fire ant, was introduced to the United States from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  South America 
B)  Canada 
C)  Asia 
D)  Africa 
E)  Europe 
A)  South America 
B)  Canada 
C)  Asia 
D)  Africa 
E)  Europe

Question 15

An interaction that benefits both species is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a neutral relationship 
B)  commensalism 
C)  competition 
D)  mutualism 
E)  parasitism 
A)  a neutral relationship 
B)  commensalism 
C)  competition 
D)  mutualism 
E)  parasitism

Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: Lichens and mosses live on the branches of trees and are benefited by being up and out of the shade where they carry out more photosynthesis. The tree is unharmed by their presence.
A wolf and a fox live in the same community. The primary prey for both of them is rabbits.
spotted owls eating mice
an earthworm
Some plants live in association with bacteria that can fix nitrogen. The nitrogen from the bacteria is shared with the plant and the bacteria receive carbohydrates from the plant.
A lynx searches for and kills a snowshoe hare.
A species that withdraws nutrients from another species (its host), usually without killing it.
primary consumers
a zebra grazing on savanna grass
the end point of all trophic levels-fungi are most common

Accepted Answer

The Answer of decomposer and competition and detritivore and mutualism is...

Question 17

Many introduced species have deleterious effects on communities and ecosystems because ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  coevolved parasites and pathogens are absent 
B)  the introduced species are long-lived 
C)  predators prefer the introduced species, resulting in proliferation of native prey species 
D)  the community from which they came lost an important predator, competitor, or parasite 
E)  human beings do not know how to appreciate them 
A)  coevolved parasites and pathogens are absent 
B)  the introduced species are long-lived 
C)  predators prefer the introduced species, resulting in proliferation of native prey species 
D)  the community from which they came lost an important predator, competitor, or parasite 
E)  human beings do not know how to appreciate them

Exam 18: Communities and Ecosystems

An array of organisms together with their physical environment is referred to as a(n) ____.

Hoverflies like to drop in at outdoor picnics to sample the sweets, but the reaction of humans is to flee the scene because of the flies' uncanny resemblance to bees. Thus, the survival of hoverflies is enhanced by ____.

Considering the traditional view of ecological succession, which plant would most likely be a pioneer species in a primary succession event?

Two species of closely related squirrels both feed on acorns produced by oak trees. One species feeds exclusively near the top of the tree and the other feeds exclusively toward the bottom of the tree. This is an example of ____.

In this figure, what do the orange arrows marked #3 indicate?

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ____.

How are parasitoids different from typical brood parasites?

Which term denotes the conditions, resources, and interactions necessary for survival and reproduction of a species?

The interaction between two species in which both species may be harmed is known as ____.

This orchid attached to a tree branch is an example of ____.

An example of a specific adaptation against predation is ____.

In a hypothetical land ecosystem, plants (the primary producers) capture 1000 kilocalories of sunlight energy per square meter per year. Approximately how many kilocalories of the plant's energy will be harvested by the third trophic level?

Solenopsis invicta, a species of fire ant, was introduced to the United States from ____.

An interaction that benefits both species is ____.

Many introduced species have deleterious effects on communities and ecosystems because ____.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters