Question 1

Rod cells differ from cone cells in that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  rod cells respond to changes in light intensity and cone cells detect very dim light 
B)  rod cells contain pigments which enable the perception of color and cone cells respond to changes in light intensity 
C)  rod cells respond to changes in light intensity and cone cells contain pigments, which allow for the perception of color 
D)  rod cells are responsible for acute daytime vision and cone cells detect very dim light 
E)  rod cells communicate directly with signal processing cells and cone cells do not 
A)  rod cells respond to changes in light intensity and cone cells detect very dim light 
B)  rod cells contain pigments which enable the perception of color and cone cells respond to changes in light intensity 
C)  rod cells respond to changes in light intensity and cone cells contain pigments, which allow for the perception of color 
D)  rod cells are responsible for acute daytime vision and cone cells detect very dim light 
E)  rod cells communicate directly with signal processing cells and cone cells do not

Question 2

The membrane potential of a neuron is defined as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  measured capacity of a neuron to create an electrical impulse 
B)  voltage in the neuron plasma membrane 
C)  threshold potential of a neuron 
D)  the electric gradient across a neuron's plasma membrane 
E)  amount of voltage it takes to stimulate a neuron to fire 
A)  measured capacity of a neuron to create an electrical impulse 
B)  voltage in the neuron plasma membrane 
C)  threshold potential of a neuron 
D)  the electric gradient across a neuron's plasma membrane 
E)  amount of voltage it takes to stimulate a neuron to fire

Question 3

The peripheral nervous system ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  carries signals to and from the central nervous system 
B)  is composed of the brain and spinal cord 
C)  is composed of clusters of neuron cell bodies 
D)  includes sensory neurons only 
E)  is present in radial invertebrates 
A)  carries signals to and from the central nervous system 
B)  is composed of the brain and spinal cord 
C)  is composed of clusters of neuron cell bodies 
D)  includes sensory neurons only 
E)  is present in radial invertebrates

Question 4

When a neuron is at rest, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the sodium and potassium gated channels are closed 
B)  the sodium gated channels are closed and the potassium gated channels are open 
C)  the sodium gated channels are open and the potassium gated channels are closed 
D)  the sodium and potassium gated channels are open 
E)  the sodium and potassium gated channels may be open or closed depending upon their location in the nervous system 
A)  the sodium and potassium gated channels are closed 
B)  the sodium gated channels are closed and the potassium gated channels are open 
C)  the sodium gated channels are open and the potassium gated channels are closed 
D)  the sodium and potassium gated channels are open 
E)  the sodium and potassium gated channels may be open or closed depending upon their location in the nervous system

Question 5

A mechanism known as the _______ controls the composition and concentration of cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum 
B)  basil ganglia 
C)  somatosensory cortex 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  blood-brain barrier 
A)  corpus callosum 
B)  basil ganglia 
C)  somatosensory cortex 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  blood-brain barrier

Question 6

Which is the correct path that light takes from the environment to the photoreceptors of a human eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  cornea →  pupil →  lens →  vitreous body →  retina 
B)  pupil →  cornea →  lens →  vitreous body →  retina 
C)  cornea →  pupil →  lens →  retina →  vitreous body 
D)  lens →  pupil →  cornea →  vitreous body →  retina 
E)  cornea →  lens →  pupil →  vitreous body →  retina 
A)  cornea →  pupil →  lens →  vitreous body →  retina 
B)  pupil →  cornea →  lens →  vitreous body →  retina 
C)  cornea →  pupil →  lens →  retina →  vitreous body 
D)  lens →  pupil →  cornea →  vitreous body →  retina 
E)  cornea →  lens →  pupil →  vitreous body →  retina

Question 7

The shortage of the neurotransmitter that causes Parkinson's disease occurs in the region of the brain that controls ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  memory 
B)  motor function 
C)  understanding 
D)  sensory perception 
E)  hearing 
A)  memory 
B)  motor function 
C)  understanding 
D)  sensory perception 
E)  hearing

Question 8

The temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  governs speech production 
B)  is the vision center 
C)  is associated with memory storage 
D)  is responsible for hearing and smell 
E)  is the primary motor area 
A)  governs speech production 
B)  is the vision center 
C)  is associated with memory storage 
D)  is responsible for hearing and smell 
E)  is the primary motor area

Question 9

As a result of concussions, former football players have an elevated risk for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord injury 
B)  Huntington disease 
C)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 
D)  Alzheimer's disease 
E)  multiple sclerosis 
A)  spinal cord injury 
B)  Huntington disease 
C)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 
D)  Alzheimer's disease 
E)  multiple sclerosis

Question 10

Focusing on an object requires the interaction of the ____ and the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ciliary muscles; lens 
B)  ciliary muscles; cornea 
C)  ciliary muscles; iris 
D)  iris; pupil 
E)  cornea; pupil 
A)  ciliary muscles; lens 
B)  ciliary muscles; cornea 
C)  ciliary muscles; iris 
D)  iris; pupil 
E)  cornea; pupil

Question 11

The ____ of the eye is a tissue that is densely packed with photoreceptors. In the above diagram of the eye, which letter identifies it?

Accepted Answer

A)  lens; A 
B)  vitreous body; C 
C)  retina; C 
D)  sclera; A 
E)  cornea; D 
A)  lens; A 
B)  vitreous body; C 
C)  retina; C 
D)  sclera; A 
E)  cornea; D

Question 12

Potassium ion channels open ____, resulting in ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  as the action potential passes down the axon; a more negatively charged axon cytoplasm 
B)  when the threshold potential is reached; the opening of more sodium channels 
C)  during the resting potential; the diffusion of sodium ions into the axon cytoplasm 
D)  when the action potential reaches the axon terminal; a more positively charged axon cytoplasm 
E)  when neurotransmitters attach to dendrite receptors; no difference in the charge of the axon cytoplasm 
A)  as the action potential passes down the axon; a more negatively charged axon cytoplasm 
B)  when the threshold potential is reached; the opening of more sodium channels 
C)  during the resting potential; the diffusion of sodium ions into the axon cytoplasm 
D)  when the action potential reaches the axon terminal; a more positively charged axon cytoplasm 
E)  when neurotransmitters attach to dendrite receptors; no difference in the charge of the axon cytoplasm

Question 13

An action potential in a neuron begins when ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a threshold potential is reached at the trigger zone 
B)  the resting potential is established 
C)  gated sodium channels close 
D)  gated potassium channels close 
E)  neurotransmitters are received by dendrites 
A)  a threshold potential is reached at the trigger zone 
B)  the resting potential is established 
C)  gated sodium channels close 
D)  gated potassium channels close 
E)  neurotransmitters are received by dendrites

Question 14

Identify the correct pathway for signal flow between neurons in the vertebrate nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors 
B)  effectors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, stimulus 
C)  sensory neurons, stimulus, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors 
D)  motor neurons, interneurons, stimulus, sensory neurons, effectors 
E)  motor neurons, sensory neurons, stimulus, interneurons, effectors 
A)  stimulus, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors 
B)  effectors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, stimulus 
C)  sensory neurons, stimulus, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors 
D)  motor neurons, interneurons, stimulus, sensory neurons, effectors 
E)  motor neurons, sensory neurons, stimulus, interneurons, effectors

Question 15

When potassium ion channels open, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  P otassium ions flow into the axon cytoplasm. 
B)  T he axon cytoplasm becomes more negatively charged. 
C)  Sodium ions diffuse into the axon cytoplasm. 
D)  T he threshold potential is reached. 
E)  M ore sodium channels open. 
A)  P otassium ions flow into the axon cytoplasm. 
B)  T he axon cytoplasm becomes more negatively charged. 
C)  Sodium ions diffuse into the axon cytoplasm. 
D)  T he threshold potential is reached. 
E)  M ore sodium channels open.

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle contraction, slows cardiac muscle contraction rate, and affects mood and memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  serotonin 
E)  an endorphin 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  dopamine 
D)  serotonin 
E)  an endorphin

Question 17

Pheromones ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are signaling molecules that are used for olfactory communication between two different species 
B)  are only used by invertebrates 
C)  require a vomeronasal organ to be detected 
D)  are signaling molecules used for olfactory communication between members of the same species 
E)  are signaling molecules that geese use for navigation 
A)  are signaling molecules that are used for olfactory communication between two different species 
B)  are only used by invertebrates 
C)  require a vomeronasal organ to be detected 
D)  are signaling molecules used for olfactory communication between members of the same species 
E)  are signaling molecules that geese use for navigation

Question 18

Neurotransmitters transmit action potentials across a(n) ____ in the form of a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  axon terminals; chemical signal 
B)  dendrites; chemical signal 
C)  neuronal cell bodies; electrical signal 
D)  the cytoplasm of axons; potential energy source 
E)  dendritic vesicles; trigger potential 
A)  axon terminals; chemical signal 
B)  dendrites; chemical signal 
C)  neuronal cell bodies; electrical signal 
D)  the cytoplasm of axons; potential energy source 
E)  dendritic vesicles; trigger potential

Question 19

The autonomic nervous system ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  relays commands to somatic nerves 
B)  is part of the central nervous system 
C)  relays commands to smooth muscles 
D)  is under voluntary control 
E)  responds to sensation in the skin 
A)  relays commands to somatic nerves 
B)  is part of the central nervous system 
C)  relays commands to smooth muscles 
D)  is under voluntary control 
E)  responds to sensation in the skin

Question 20

The brain knows how strong a stimulus is because the brain interprets ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the neurotransmitter levels the stimulus is producing 
B)  variations in the frequency of action potentials 
C)  the size variation in the action potential being propagated 
D)  the number of ion channels in the plasma membrane of the sensory neuron 
E)  the extent to which voltage gated ion channels open and close 
A)  the neurotransmitter levels the stimulus is producing 
B)  variations in the frequency of action potentials 
C)  the size variation in the action potential being propagated 
D)  the number of ion channels in the plasma membrane of the sensory neuron 
E)  the extent to which voltage gated ion channels open and close

Exam 25: Neural Control and the Senses

Rod cells differ from cone cells in that ____.

The membrane potential of a neuron is defined as the ____.

The peripheral nervous system ____.

When a neuron is at rest, ____.

A mechanism known as the _______ controls the composition and concentration of cerebrospinal fluid.

Which is the correct path that light takes from the environment to the photoreceptors of a human eye?

The shortage of the neurotransmitter that causes Parkinson's disease occurs in the region of the brain that controls ____.

The temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex ____.

As a result of concussions, former football players have an elevated risk for ____.

Focusing on an object requires the interaction of the ____ and the ____.

The ____ of the eye is a tissue that is densely packed with photoreceptors. In the above diagram of the eye, which letter identifies it?

Potassium ion channels open ____, resulting in ____.

An action potential in a neuron begins when ____.

Identify the correct pathway for signal flow between neurons in the vertebrate nervous system.

When potassium ion channels open, which of the following occurs?

Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle contraction, slows cardiac muscle contraction rate, and affects mood and memory?

Pheromones ____.

Neurotransmitters transmit action potentials across a(n) ____ in the form of a(n) ____.

The autonomic nervous system ____.

The brain knows how strong a stimulus is because the brain interprets ____.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

Focusing on an object requires the interaction of the and the .

Potassium ion channels open , resulting in .

Neurotransmitters transmit action potentials across a(n) in the form of a(n) .