Question 1

In DNA molecules, _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleotides are arranged in a linear, unbranched pattern 
B) the nitrogenous bases are found on the outside of the molecule 
C) the phosphate-sugar pattern runs 5' to 3' on both DNA strands 
D) the backbone is internal to the molecule 
E) the pairing of bases is non-specific 
A) the nucleotides are arranged in a linear, unbranched pattern 
B) the nitrogenous bases are found on the outside of the molecule 
C) the phosphate-sugar pattern runs 5' to 3' on both DNA strands 
D) the backbone is internal to the molecule 
E) the pairing of bases is non-specific

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: varies between species

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Centromere and Sex chromosomes and Sister chromatids is...

Question 3

DNA was first described by _____ in 1869.

Accepted Answer

A) Johannes Miescher 
B) Frederick Griffith 
C) Oswald Avery and Macly McCarty 
D) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
E) Maurice Wilkins 
A) Johannes Miescher 
B) Frederick Griffith 
C) Oswald Avery and Macly McCarty 
D) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
E) Maurice Wilkins

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: proved that DNA, not protein, transmits a full complement of hereditary information

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Hershey and Chase and Miescher and Wilkins is...

Question 5

When two adjacent bases in the same strand of DNA dimerize (form a covalent bond between them), what happens to the DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) the original strand of DNA now contains a new DNA sequence 
B) the original strand of DNA is kinked, which prevents DNA polymerase from working properly 
C) the original strand of DNA is methylated, which causes the bases to mismatch 
D) the original strand of DNA is prevented from opening during replication, so this section of DNA will not be replicated 
E) the original strand of DNA is unaffected, so no additional mutations arise 
A) the original strand of DNA now contains a new DNA sequence 
B) the original strand of DNA is kinked, which prevents DNA polymerase from working properly 
C) the original strand of DNA is methylated, which causes the bases to mismatch 
D) the original strand of DNA is prevented from opening during replication, so this section of DNA will not be replicated 
E) the original strand of DNA is unaffected, so no additional mutations arise

Question 6

The process by which cells become specialized during development is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) somatic cell nuclear transfer 
B) differentiation 
C) development 
D) mitosis 
E) meiosis 
A) somatic cell nuclear transfer 
B) differentiation 
C) development 
D) mitosis 
E) meiosis

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: DNA ligase

Accepted Answer

The Answer of 3 and 1 and 2 and 4 is...

Question 8

In DNA replication, which type of molecule is a primer?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleic acid 
B) lipid 
C) protein 
D) carbohydrate 
E) inorganic 
A) nucleic acid 
B) lipid 
C) protein 
D) carbohydrate 
E) inorganic

Question 9

From DNA x-ray diffraction data, it was determined that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the amount of adenine equaled the amount of thymine 
B) different species have different proportions of adenine and guanine 
C) nitrogen containing bases were arranged on the outside of the double helix structure 
D) the shape of the molecule could be a double helix 
E) the backbone of the double helix was held together by hydrogen bonds 
A) the amount of adenine equaled the amount of thymine 
B) different species have different proportions of adenine and guanine 
C) nitrogen containing bases were arranged on the outside of the double helix structure 
D) the shape of the molecule could be a double helix 
E) the backbone of the double helix was held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 10

The connection point of two sister chromatids is called the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) chromatid 
B) chromatin 
C) centriole 
D) centrosome 
E) centromere 
A) chromatid 
B) chromatin 
C) centriole 
D) centrosome 
E) centromere

Question 11

In the Hershey-Chase experiments, the radioactive tracers 32P and 35S were used to track DNA and protein, respectively, because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial DNA contains sulfur and viral DNA contains phosphorus 
B) viral DNA contains sulfur and bacterial DNA contains phosphorus 
C) only DNA contains phosphorus and only protein contains sulfur 
D) DNA has more sulfur than protein, and protein has more phosphorus than DNA 
E) protein has more sulfur than DNA, and DNA has more phosphorus than protein 
A) bacterial DNA contains sulfur and viral DNA contains phosphorus 
B) viral DNA contains sulfur and bacterial DNA contains phosphorus 
C) only DNA contains phosphorus and only protein contains sulfur 
D) DNA has more sulfur than protein, and protein has more phosphorus than DNA 
E) protein has more sulfur than DNA, and DNA has more phosphorus than protein

Question 12

Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating _____.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) nitrogen-containing bases 
C) hydrogen bonds 
D) sugar and phosphate molecules 
E) types of sugars 
A) amino acids 
B) nitrogen-containing bases 
C) hydrogen bonds 
D) sugar and phosphate molecules 
E) types of sugars

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: Technology that produces genetically identical animals.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Replication and Reproductive cloning and Somatic cell is...

Question 14

Match between columns
                        Premises: Process by which a cell becomes specialized during development

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Reproductive cloning and Differentiation and Hybridization and is...

Question 15

Match between columns
                        Premises: Process by which the DNA of an adult donor's body cell is transferred into an unfertilized egg.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Reproductive cloning and Differentiation and Somatic cell is...

Question 16

The structure of a DNA molecule is analogous to a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) paper clip 
B) ladder 
C) fork 
D) rope 
E) coiled spring 
A) paper clip 
B) ladder 
C) fork 
D) rope 
E) coiled spring

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: discovered that the amount of adenine in a DNA molecule was equal to the amount of thymine

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Watson and Crick and Miescher and Chargaff is...

Question 18

If an error is made during replication that is not caught by DNA polymerase, the most likely is that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) both strands of DNA will be mutated 
B) only the daughter strand will be mutated 
C) a mutation that causes cancer will occur 
D) DNA ligase will repair the mistake before a mutation occurs 
E) DNA replication will stall indefinitely 
A) both strands of DNA will be mutated 
B) only the daughter strand will be mutated 
C) a mutation that causes cancer will occur 
D) DNA ligase will repair the mistake before a mutation occurs 
E) DNA replication will stall indefinitely

Question 19

What is the basic problem with cloning adult animals?

Accepted Answer

A) obtaining enough DNA 
B) finding proper surrogates to carry the cloned embryos 
C) reprogramming the DNA 
D) obtaining DNA without mutations 
E) autoimmune rejection of the embryo by the surrogate 
A) obtaining enough DNA 
B) finding proper surrogates to carry the cloned embryos 
C) reprogramming the DNA 
D) obtaining DNA without mutations 
E) autoimmune rejection of the embryo by the surrogate

Question 20

The addition of methyl groups to DNA by chemicals in tobacco can cause DNA to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) replicate 
B) polymerize 
C) hybridize 
D) mutate 
E) fragment 
A) replicate 
B) polymerize 
C) hybridize 
D) mutate 
E) fragment

Exam 6: Dna Structure and Function

In DNA molecules, _____.

DNA was first described by _____ in 1869.

When two adjacent bases in the same strand of DNA dimerize (form a covalent bond between them), what happens to the DNA?

The process by which cells become specialized during development is called _____.

In DNA replication, which type of molecule is a primer?

From DNA x-ray diffraction data, it was determined that _____.

The connection point of two sister chromatids is called the _____.

In the Hershey-Chase experiments, the radioactive tracers 32P and 35S were used to track DNA and protein, respectively, because _____.

Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating _____.

The structure of a DNA molecule is analogous to a _____.

If an error is made during replication that is not caught by DNA polymerase, the most likely is that _____.

What is the basic problem with cloning adult animals?

The addition of methyl groups to DNA by chemicals in tobacco can cause DNA to _____.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Capturing and Releasing Energy

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Early Life Forms and the Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Plant Reproduction and Development

Filters

In the Hershey-Chase experiments, the radioactive tracers ³²P and ³⁵S were used to track DNA and protein, respectively, because _____.