Exam 12: Bivariate Association for Nominal and Ordinal Level Variables

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable,________.

Measures of association provide the researcher with information that________.

Gamma and lambda are based on the logic of________.

Unlike lambda, phi________.

Scales have been administered to eleven individuals measuring their job satisfaction and the prestige of their occupations. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and more prestige. Calculate Spearman's rho and write a sentence or two analyzing the strength and direction of the relationship.

In the formula for gamma, Nd represents the number of pairs of cases________.

The distribution of scores on the dependent variable for a specific category of the independent variable is called________.

A study was made of marital satisfaction experienced by men and women. A phi of .07 was calculated for the relationship between gender and satisfaction. This result shows that________.

In Table 1, support for immigration restriction _________ as education increases.

Lambda is asymmetric, which means that________.

For a 3 x 3 table, the appropriate chi square based measure of association would be________.

For ordinal level variables with only a few categories or values, an appropriate measure of association would be________.

Phi and Cramer's V would be appropriate as measures of association for variables measured at the________.

To prove that one variable causes another, we use________.