Question 1

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  individual differences cannot be measured reliably 
B)  situations do not affect behavior 
C)  people are inconsistent 
D)  correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size 
A)  individual differences cannot be measured reliably 
B)  situations do not affect behavior 
C)  people are inconsistent 
D)  correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size

Question 2

Happiness is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  openness to experience 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  openness to experience 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 3

What is interactionism? Explain different ways that personality attributes and situations can work together.Illustrate your arguments using examples of the associations between personality and work outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Interactionism is a psychological theory

Question 4

Match the correct term with each definition.
-The effect of a person variable may depend on the situation.

Accepted Answer

A) Relative consistency 
B) Situationism 
C) The "personality coefficient" 
D) Aggregation 
E) Interactionism
F)BESD 
A) Relative consistency 
B) Situationism 
C) The "personality coefficient" 
D) Aggregation 
E) Interactionism
F)BESD

Question 5

When a researcher examines the association between behaviors at a party on Friday night and how many times someone volunteers to answer questions in class on Monday,she is looking at the association between ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  I data; B data 
B)  S data; I data 
C)  B data; B data 
D)  B data; I data 
A)  I data; B data 
B)  S data; I data 
C)  B data; B data 
D)  B data; I data

Question 6

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated)behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated. 
B)  Random variations tend to multiply when aggregated. 
C)  Trait variation is mostly random when aggregated. 
D)  Trait variation is mostly specific when aggregated. 
A)  Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated. 
B)  Random variations tend to multiply when aggregated. 
C)  Trait variation is mostly random when aggregated. 
D)  Trait variation is mostly specific when aggregated.

Question 7

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument..
-A correlation of .30 to .40 is very small.

Accepted Answer

A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray 
A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray

Question 8

Which of the following describes social psychologist Roger Brown's views on the importance of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  He first believed situations were important but later changed his mind. 
B)  He first believed traits were important but later changed his mind. 
C)  He first believed traits were unimportant but later recognized their importance. 
D)  He first believed situations were unimportant but later recognized their importance. 
A)  He first believed situations were important but later changed his mind. 
B)  He first believed traits were important but later changed his mind. 
C)  He first believed traits were unimportant but later recognized their importance. 
D)  He first believed situations were unimportant but later recognized their importance.

Question 9

Match the correct term with each definition.
-The situation is more important than the person in determining behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Relative consistency 
B) Situationism 
C) The "personality coefficient" 
D) Aggregation 
E) Interactionism
F)BESD 
A) Relative consistency 
B) Situationism 
C) The "personality coefficient" 
D) Aggregation 
E) Interactionism
F)BESD

Question 10

Which of the following terms describes the notion that people act differently in different situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  inconsistency 
B)  consistency 
C)  emotional instability 
D)  stability 
A)  inconsistency 
B)  consistency 
C)  emotional instability 
D)  stability

Question 11

Funder and Ozer (1983)converted the results of three classic social psychological studies to effect sizes.After comparing those effect sizes with those typically obtained by personality psychologists,Funder and Ozer concluded that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  situational variables, like personality variables, cannot predict behavior 
B)  both situational and personality variables are important determinants of behavior 
C)  the upper limit for a situation coefficient is only .20 
D)  the three studies were so fundamentally flawed that they do not allow us to conclude anything about the predictability of behavior from situational variables 
A)  situational variables, like personality variables, cannot predict behavior 
B)  both situational and personality variables are important determinants of behavior 
C)  the upper limit for a situation coefficient is only .20 
D)  the three studies were so fundamentally flawed that they do not allow us to conclude anything about the predictability of behavior from situational variables

Question 12

In Leikas,Lönnqvist,and Verkasalo (2012),participants interacted with trained actors.The number of times a participant gestured depended mostly on his or her own characteristics.Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of variability explained by the person was small. 
B)  The amount of variability explained by the person was large. 
C)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was small. 
D)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was large. 
A)  The amount of variability explained by the person was small. 
B)  The amount of variability explained by the person was large. 
C)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was small. 
D)  The amount of variability explained by the situation was large.

Question 13

Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  openness to experience 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness 
A)  openness to experience 
B)  self-monitoring 
C)  extraversion 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 14

Describe why the Funder and Ozer (1983)calculation of effect sizes from famous experiments in social psychology is important for undermining the situationist argument.How does Funder believe that these results should be interpreted?

Accepted Answer

The Funder and Ozer (1983) calculation o

Question 15

The large number of trait terms in the English language indicates that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  we need an abundance of trait terms to distinguish between different types of people 
B)  personality traits are an important part of our culture 
C)  when it comes to personality, one size does not fit all 
D)  all of the above 
A)  we need an abundance of trait terms to distinguish between different types of people 
B)  personality traits are an important part of our culture 
C)  when it comes to personality, one size does not fit all 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

The situationist argument holds that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a limit to how well one can predict behavior from personality 
B)  situations are more important than personality traits for determining behavior 
C)  our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a limit to how well one can predict behavior from personality 
B)  situations are more important than personality traits for determining behavior 
C)  our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

According to Funder,what deep issues about human nature are at the heart of the person-situation debate,and why is it difficult to fully resolve them?

Accepted Answer

The person-situation debate revolves aro

Question 18

According to Kluckhohn and Murray,"Every man is in certain respects (a)like all other men,(b)like some other men,(c)like no other man." Which section of this quote most closely reflects what trait psychologists study?

Accepted Answer

A)  "like all other men" 
B)  "like some other men" 
C)  "like no other man" 
D)  all of the above 
A)  "like all other men" 
B)  "like some other men" 
C)  "like no other man" 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

According to the text,which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

Accepted Answer

A)  openness to experience 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  general mental health 
D)  need for cognition 
A)  openness to experience 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  general mental health 
D)  need for cognition

Question 20

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument..
-The BESD shows that r = .30 implies 65% predictive accuracy.

Accepted Answer

A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray 
A) Situationist critique 
B) Walter Mischel 
C) Pro-personality response 
D) David Funder 
E) Henry Murray

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that ________.

Happiness is associated with what trait?

What is interactionism? Explain different ways that personality attributes and situations can work together.Illustrate your arguments using examples of the associations between personality and work outcomes.

Match the correct term with each definition. -The effect of a person variable may depend on the situation.

When a researcher examines the association between behaviors at a party on Friday night and how many times someone volunteers to answer questions in class on Monday,she is looking at the association between and .

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated)behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument.. -A correlation of .30 to .40 is very small.

Which of the following describes social psychologist Roger Brown's views on the importance of personality?

Match the correct term with each definition. -The situation is more important than the person in determining behavior.

Which of the following terms describes the notion that people act differently in different situations?

Funder and Ozer (1983)converted the results of three classic social psychological studies to effect sizes.After comparing those effect sizes with those typically obtained by personality psychologists,Funder and Ozer concluded that ________.

In Leikas,Lönnqvist,and Verkasalo (2012),participants interacted with trained actors.The number of times a participant gestured depended mostly on his or her own characteristics.Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result?

Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?

Describe why the Funder and Ozer (1983)calculation of effect sizes from famous experiments in social psychology is important for undermining the situationist argument.How does Funder believe that these results should be interpreted?

The large number of trait terms in the English language indicates that ________.

The situationist argument holds that ________.

According to Funder,what deep issues about human nature are at the heart of the person-situation debate,and why is it difficult to fully resolve them?

According to Kluckhohn and Murray,"Every man is in certain respects (a)like all other men,(b)like some other men,(c)like no other man." Which section of this quote most closely reflects what trait psychologists study?

According to the text,which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument.. -The BESD shows that r = .30 implies 65% predictive accuracy.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 4: Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that ________.

Happiness is associated with what trait?

What is interactionism? Explain different ways that personality attributes and situations can work together.Illustrate your arguments using examples of the associations between personality and work outcomes.

Match the correct term with each definition. -The effect of a person variable may depend on the situation.

When a researcher examines the association between behaviors at a party on Friday night and how many times someone volunteers to answer questions in class on Monday,she is looking at the association between ________ and ________.

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated)behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument.. -A correlation of .30 to .40 is very small.

Which of the following describes social psychologist Roger Brown's views on the importance of personality?

Match the correct term with each definition. -The situation is more important than the person in determining behavior.

Which of the following terms describes the notion that people act differently in different situations?

Funder and Ozer (1983)converted the results of three classic social psychological studies to effect sizes.After comparing those effect sizes with those typically obtained by personality psychologists,Funder and Ozer concluded that ________.

In Leikas,Lönnqvist,and Verkasalo (2012),participants interacted with trained actors.The number of times a participant gestured depended mostly on his or her own characteristics.Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result?

Peer acceptance is associated with what trait?

Describe why the Funder and Ozer (1983)calculation of effect sizes from famous experiments in social psychology is important for undermining the situationist argument.How does Funder believe that these results should be interpreted?

The large number of trait terms in the English language indicates that ________.

The situationist argument holds that ________.

According to Funder,what deep issues about human nature are at the heart of the person-situation debate,and why is it difficult to fully resolve them?

According to Kluckhohn and Murray,"Every man is in certain respects (a)like all other men,(b)like some other men,(c)like no other man." Which section of this quote most closely reflects what trait psychologists study?

According to the text,which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

Match the position or person who would most endorse each argument.. -The BESD shows that r = .30 implies 65% predictive accuracy.

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters

When a researcher examines the association between behaviors at a party on Friday night and how many times someone volunteers to answer questions in class on Monday,she is looking at the association between and .