Question 1

Bandura's ________ has proven to be the most influential of his ideas.

Accepted Answer

A)  specific approach to therapy 
B)  emphasis on observational learning 
C)  concept of expectancies 
D)  discovery of if ... then contingencies 
A)  specific approach to therapy 
B)  emphasis on observational learning 
C)  concept of expectancies 
D)  discovery of if ... then contingencies

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a major achievement of the learning approaches to personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  These approaches pushed psychology in the direction of an objective science. 
B)  These approaches enhanced our understanding of how the environment affects behavior. 
C)  These approaches helped further understanding of the importance of early interactions with caregivers. 
D)  These approaches led to the development of useful procedures for changing behavior, at least in the short term. 
A)  These approaches pushed psychology in the direction of an objective science. 
B)  These approaches enhanced our understanding of how the environment affects behavior. 
C)  These approaches helped further understanding of the importance of early interactions with caregivers. 
D)  These approaches led to the development of useful procedures for changing behavior, at least in the short term.

Question 3

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist.
-B.F.Skinner

Accepted Answer

A) S-R association theory 
B) if … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Expectancy value theory 
A) S-R association theory 
B) if … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Expectancy value theory

Question 4

According the central ideas of behaviorism,what are the three main types of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness, stimulus-response associations, if … then associations 
B)  habituation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning 
C)  empiricism, hedonism, associationism 
D)  reinforcement, punishment, empiricism 
A)  learned helplessness, stimulus-response associations, if … then associations 
B)  habituation, classical conditioning, operant conditioning 
C)  empiricism, hedonism, associationism 
D)  reinforcement, punishment, empiricism

Question 5

According to Bandura,what two components influence an individual's impression of what he or she is capable of doing?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy and self-concept 
B)  personality traits and personal life goals 
C)  social support and self-esteem 
D)  intelligence and level of diligence 
A)  self-efficacy and self-concept 
B)  personality traits and personal life goals 
C)  social support and self-esteem 
D)  intelligence and level of diligence

Question 6

It has been suggested that chronic anxiety is the result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated pairing of a common stimulus with an unpleasant response 
B)  the occurrence of one predictable negative event 
C)  repeated exposure to aversive stimuli that are unpredictable and random 
D)  second-order conditioning and stimulus generalization 
A)  repeated pairing of a common stimulus with an unpleasant response 
B)  the occurrence of one predictable negative event 
C)  repeated exposure to aversive stimuli that are unpredictable and random 
D)  second-order conditioning and stimulus generalization

Question 7

Which philosophical idea explains the learning process?

Accepted Answer

A)  associationism 
B)  empiricism 
C)  hedonism 
D)  utilitarianism 
A)  associationism 
B)  empiricism 
C)  hedonism 
D)  utilitarianism

Question 8

A light goes on in a room just before an excruciatingly loud buzzer sounds.A subject who startles when the light goes on shows ________ behavior,but one who leaves the room to avoid the noise exhibits ________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent; operant 
B)  operant; respondent 
C)  conditioned; counterconditioned 
D)  counterconditioned; conditioned 
A)  respondent; operant 
B)  operant; respondent 
C)  conditioned; counterconditioned 
D)  counterconditioned; conditioned

Question 9

Pavlov's experiments on the timing of associations demonstrated that two things become associated because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they occur at the exact same time 
B)  the conditioned stimulus (CS) comes well before the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) 
C)  one event changes the meaning of the other event 
D)  they have similar perceptual features 
A)  they occur at the exact same time 
B)  the conditioned stimulus (CS) comes well before the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) 
C)  one event changes the meaning of the other event 
D)  they have similar perceptual features

Question 10

Which theorist had a substantial intellectual influence on Mischel's ideas about the cognitive-affective personality system?

Accepted Answer

A)  George Kelly 
B)  Gordon Allport 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Hans Eysenck 
A)  George Kelly 
B)  Gordon Allport 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Hans Eysenck

Question 11

What cognitive person variable in Mischel's cognitive social learning theory is closest to the notion of expectancies in Rotter's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral construction competencies 
B)  subjective stimulus values 
C)  self-regulatory plans 
D)  personal constructs 
A)  behavioral construction competencies 
B)  subjective stimulus values 
C)  self-regulatory plans 
D)  personal constructs

Question 12

Based on recent research regarding the ability to forecast emotional reactions to major events,people tend to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  be accurate judges of the emotional impact of future events 
B)  underestimate the emotional impact of negative events but not positive events 
C)  underestimate the emotional impact of positive events but not negative events 
D)  overestimate the emotional impact of both negative and positive events 
A)  be accurate judges of the emotional impact of future events 
B)  underestimate the emotional impact of negative events but not positive events 
C)  underestimate the emotional impact of positive events but not negative events 
D)  overestimate the emotional impact of both negative and positive events

Question 13

What learning process may explain why some addicts are more likely to overdose in new settings as opposed to familiar settings?

Accepted Answer

A)  The addict was habituated to the effects of the drug in familiar settings, but this was not true of the new setting. 
B)  The addict had failed to generalize his or her drug-taking script to the new setting. 
C)  Opponent processes that were classically conditioned in the familiar setting were not triggered in the new setting. 
D)  The addict had learned to control stimulus-response associations in the familiar setting, but this learning did not generalize. 
A)  The addict was habituated to the effects of the drug in familiar settings, but this was not true of the new setting. 
B)  The addict had failed to generalize his or her drug-taking script to the new setting. 
C)  Opponent processes that were classically conditioned in the familiar setting were not triggered in the new setting. 
D)  The addict had learned to control stimulus-response associations in the familiar setting, but this learning did not generalize.

Question 14

Behaviorism is rooted in which of the following philosophical principles?

Accepted Answer

A)  empiricism, associationism, and hedonism 
B)  existentialism, optimistic humanism, and phenomenology 
C)  psychoanalysis, egoism, and neuroticism 
D)  personality, situation, and behavior 
A)  empiricism, associationism, and hedonism 
B)  existentialism, optimistic humanism, and phenomenology 
C)  psychoanalysis, egoism, and neuroticism 
D)  personality, situation, and behavior

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive and behavior competencies 
B)  encoding strategies 
C)  subjective stimulus values 
D)  the Big Five domains 
A)  cognitive and behavior competencies 
B)  encoding strategies 
C)  subjective stimulus values 
D)  the Big Five domains

Question 16

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist.
-Albert Bandura

Accepted Answer

A) S-R association theory 
B) if … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Expectancy value theory 
A) S-R association theory 
B) if … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Expectancy value theory

Question 17

The idea that,in time,you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  respondent conditioning 
A)  habituation 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  respondent conditioning

Question 18

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist.
-Walter Mischel

Accepted Answer

A) S-R association theory 
B) if … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Expectancy value theory 
A) S-R association theory 
B) if … then contingency model 
C) Social learning theory 
D) Operant conditioning model 
E) Expectancy value theory

Question 19

According to Rotter,locus of control is analogous to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy 
B)  a specific expectancy 
C)  reinforcement value 
D)  a generalized expectancy 
A)  self-efficacy 
B)  a specific expectancy 
C)  reinforcement value 
D)  a generalized expectancy

Question 20

Match the implication that is best associated with a principle of effective punishment.
-Conditioning secondary punishing stimuli

Accepted Answer

A) One can lessen the actual use of punishment. 
B) The behavior and its punishment are directly related. 
C) The exact circumstances of the punishment are made clear. 
D) The correct behavior is rewarded. 
E) Punishment will mean punishment, and nothing else. 
A) One can lessen the actual use of punishment. 
B) The behavior and its punishment are directly related. 
C) The exact circumstances of the punishment are made clear. 
D) The correct behavior is rewarded. 
E) Punishment will mean punishment, and nothing else.

Bandura's ________ has proven to be the most influential of his ideas.

Which of the following is NOT a major achievement of the learning approaches to personality?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -B.F.Skinner

According the central ideas of behaviorism,what are the three main types of learning?

According to Bandura,what two components influence an individual's impression of what he or she is capable of doing?

It has been suggested that chronic anxiety is the result of ________.

Which philosophical idea explains the learning process?

A light goes on in a room just before an excruciatingly loud buzzer sounds.A subject who startles when the light goes on shows behavior,but one who leaves the room to avoid the noise exhibits behavior.

Pavlov's experiments on the timing of associations demonstrated that two things become associated because ________.

Which theorist had a substantial intellectual influence on Mischel's ideas about the cognitive-affective personality system?

What cognitive person variable in Mischel's cognitive social learning theory is closest to the notion of expectancies in Rotter's theory?

Based on recent research regarding the ability to forecast emotional reactions to major events,people tend to ________.

What learning process may explain why some addicts are more likely to overdose in new settings as opposed to familiar settings?

Behaviorism is rooted in which of the following philosophical principles?

Which of the following is NOT part of the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Albert Bandura

The idea that,in time,you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Walter Mischel

According to Rotter,locus of control is analogous to ________.

Match the implication that is best associated with a principle of effective punishment. -Conditioning secondary punishing stimuli

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 14: Learning to Be a Person: Behaviorism and the Social Learning Theories

Bandura's ________ has proven to be the most influential of his ideas.

Which of the following is NOT a major achievement of the learning approaches to personality?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -B.F.Skinner

According the central ideas of behaviorism,what are the three main types of learning?

According to Bandura,what two components influence an individual's impression of what he or she is capable of doing?

It has been suggested that chronic anxiety is the result of ________.

Which philosophical idea explains the learning process?

A light goes on in a room just before an excruciatingly loud buzzer sounds.A subject who startles when the light goes on shows ________ behavior,but one who leaves the room to avoid the noise exhibits ________ behavior.

Pavlov's experiments on the timing of associations demonstrated that two things become associated because ________.

Which theorist had a substantial intellectual influence on Mischel's ideas about the cognitive-affective personality system?

What cognitive person variable in Mischel's cognitive social learning theory is closest to the notion of expectancies in Rotter's theory?

Based on recent research regarding the ability to forecast emotional reactions to major events,people tend to ________.

What learning process may explain why some addicts are more likely to overdose in new settings as opposed to familiar settings?

Behaviorism is rooted in which of the following philosophical principles?

Which of the following is NOT part of the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS)?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Albert Bandura

The idea that,in time,you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?

Match the theory or model with its associated behaviorist. -Walter Mischel

According to Rotter,locus of control is analogous to ________.

Match the implication that is best associated with a principle of effective punishment. -Conditioning secondary punishing stimuli

The Study of the Person

Personality Research Methods

Assessment, Effect Size, and Ethics

Personality Traits,Situations,and Behavior

Personality Judgment

Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior

Personality Stability, Development, and Change

The Anatomy and Physiology of Personality

The Inheritance of Personality: Behavioral Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Basics of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Experience,Existence,and the Meaning of Life: Humanistic and Positive Psychology

Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

Personality Processes: Perception, Thought, Motivation, and Emotion

The Self: What You Know About You

Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Epilogue: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

Filters

A light goes on in a room just before an excruciatingly loud buzzer sounds.A subject who startles when the light goes on shows behavior,but one who leaves the room to avoid the noise exhibits behavior.