Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a considered part of the causal inference problem-solving process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Understanding contiguity 
B)  Understanding precedence 
C)  Understanding tool use 
D)  Understanding covariation 
A)  Understanding contiguity 
B)  Understanding precedence 
C)  Understanding tool use 
D)  Understanding covariation C

Question 2

With respect to understanding how children solve problems, which of the following relates to the central theme of encoding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Careful examination of the problem to identify what is needed to solve it 
B)  Construction of a model that accurately represents the structure of the problem 
C)  Reconciliation of personal experience with the contradictory information being provided 
D)  Identification of the critical information and use of it to build an internal representation of the problem 
A)  Careful examination of the problem to identify what is needed to solve it 
B)  Construction of a model that accurately represents the structure of the problem 
C)  Reconciliation of personal experience with the contradictory information being provided 
D)  Identification of the critical information and use of it to build an internal representation of the problem D

Question 3

Which of the following problem solving processes requires inhibiting initial responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Planning 
B)  Analogy 
C)  Tool use 
D)  Causal inference 
A)  Planning 
B)  Analogy 
C)  Tool use 
D)  Causal inference A

Question 4

In the DUPE model, the letter D is for determine: This relates to paying attention to detail because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  memory plays such an important role in problem solving 
B)  domain-general and domain-specific knowledge is needed to solve problems 
C)  meaningless elements in the problem are deceptive 
D)  the essence of the problem must be understood to solve it accurately 
A)  memory plays such an important role in problem solving 
B)  domain-general and domain-specific knowledge is needed to solve problems 
C)  meaningless elements in the problem are deceptive 
D)  the essence of the problem must be understood to solve it accurately

Question 5

Which of the following problem solving errors will most likely be avoided by encouraging children to reconcile contradictory information rather than ignore it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Failure to analyze the task and encode relevant facts of a problem 
B)  Failure to make a mental model or perceive vital relationships in the problem 
C)  Failure to analyze the task or use systematic, step-by-step procedures 
D)  Failure to plan ahead or use systematic, relevant procedures 
A)  Failure to analyze the task and encode relevant facts of a problem 
B)  Failure to make a mental model or perceive vital relationships in the problem 
C)  Failure to analyze the task or use systematic, step-by-step procedures 
D)  Failure to plan ahead or use systematic, relevant procedures

Question 6

Problem solving typically improves with experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of good problem solvers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a positive attitude toward problems. 
B)  They are concerned with accuracy. 
C)  They learn how to more accurately guess at answers. 
D)  They learn to break down a problem into small, manageable parts, and then to integrate the parts into a manageable whole that leads to a solution. 
A)  They have a positive attitude toward problems. 
B)  They are concerned with accuracy. 
C)  They learn how to more accurately guess at answers. 
D)  They learn to break down a problem into small, manageable parts, and then to integrate the parts into a manageable whole that leads to a solution.

Question 8

With respect to understanding how children solve problems, which of the following relates to the central theme of task analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Careful examination of the problem to identify what is needed to solve it 
B)  Construction of a model that accurately represents the structure of the problem 
C)  Reconciliation of personal experience with the contradictory information being provided 
D)  Identification of the critical information and use of it to build an internal representation of the problem 
A)  Careful examination of the problem to identify what is needed to solve it 
B)  Construction of a model that accurately represents the structure of the problem 
C)  Reconciliation of personal experience with the contradictory information being provided 
D)  Identification of the critical information and use of it to build an internal representation of the problem

Question 9

Technically, a problem is a significant discrepancy between the actual circumstances or expected circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Future-oriented problem-solving is also referred to as analogy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Problem solving in patients can be undermined by a lack of knowledge about physical processes and medical procedures, an inability to sort out what is relevant, inability to foresee the consequences of actions, and a lack of experience with illness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 47: Problem Solving

Which of the following is NOT a considered part of the causal inference problem-solving process?

With respect to understanding how children solve problems, which of the following relates to the central theme of encoding?

Which of the following problem solving processes requires inhibiting initial responses?

In the DUPE model, the letter D is for determine: This relates to paying attention to detail because __________.

Which of the following problem solving errors will most likely be avoided by encouraging children to reconcile contradictory information rather than ignore it?

Problem solving typically improves with experience.

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of good problem solvers?

With respect to understanding how children solve problems, which of the following relates to the central theme of task analysis?

Technically, a problem is a significant discrepancy between the actual circumstances or expected circumstances.

Future-oriented problem-solving is also referred to as analogy.

Problem solving in patients can be undermined by a lack of knowledge about physical processes and medical procedures, an inability to sort out what is relevant, inability to foresee the consequences of actions, and a lack of experience with illness.

Freud: Psychoanalytic Theory

Erikson: Eight Stages of the Life Cycle

Piaget: Universal Constructivist Perspective

VYGOTSKY: Culture and Development

Bronfenbrenner: Ecology of Human Development

Maslow: Humanistic Perspective on Development

Pavlov, Skinner, and Bandura: Learning Perspective on Development

A Cultural Perspective on Development

Gender Differences

A Social Class of Perspective on Development

Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA

Fertilization in Utero

Conception to Birth

Infertility

Assisted Reproductive Techniques

The Human Genome Project

Genetic Disorders

Influences on Prenatal Development

Hazards of Prematurity

Adoption

Reflexes

Neonatal Assessment

Growth and Development I

Growth and Development II

Brain Development

Cognitive Development

Language Development

First Relationship

Attachment

Emotional Development

Growth and Motor Development

Cognitive Development I

Cognitive Development II

Early Childhood Education

Language Development

Role of the Family

Homeless Children

Divorce

Day Care

Development Staff

Gender Development I

Gender Development II

Pay Behavior

Physical Growth and Development

Cognitive Development

Intelligence

Moral Development

Language Development

Peers and Social Development

Schools and Learning

Creativity in Children

Resilience in Childhood

Children With Challenges

Puberty

Healthy and Risky Behaviors

Sexuality

Cognitive Development

Adolescent Thought

Peer Relationship

The Search for Identity

Motivating Adolescents

Delinquency and Violence

Mental Health Problems

Early Adulthood: Physical Health

Early Adulthood: Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical Health

Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development