Exam 5: Coping With Environmental Variation: Energy

A group of sulfur bacteria live in a hydrothermal vent community at the bottom of the ocean, and obtain energy through chemosynthesis. A group of single-celled algae live far above them, in the open ocean, and obtain energy through photosynthesis. Briefly compare and contrast the mechanism by which the two groups of organisms survive. Consider their sources of energy and how they extract and transform that energy.

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy transfer?

Which of these is the best example of acclimatization to light variation that is accomplished by morphological, rather than physiological means?

Refer to the figure showing acclimatization to two different growth temperature regimes from different populations of a shrub occurring in the Mojave Desert and in cool coastal zones in California. The two temperatures regimes used are representative of the two habitats. Of the four temperature curves in the two populations, which combination appears least able to acclimate to the given temperature regime?

The experiments of Kenward and colleagues with New Caledonian crows showed that

Refer to the table showing the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of three different environments. In which environment, if any, would we expect photorespiration to be lowest?

Refer to the figure showing results from an experiment by Kozaki and Takeba on genetically altered tobacco plants under conditions that promote damage to photosynthetic membranes. Curve _______ represents the plants altered to reduce their photorespiration rates; curve _______ represents plants altered to increase photorespiration rates.

Which morphological difference is associated with C₄ plants but not C₃ plants?

The nitrite that is oxidized by a bacterium in the process of chemosynthesis _______ electrons. The opposite of oxidation is _______.

Rubisco is important in both photosynthesis and respiration because it

One animal species (A) spends 10 minutes finding and obtaining one food item that contains 50 calories. The other animal species (B) spends 1 minute finding and obtaining one food item that contains 0.1 calories. Which statement best describes these animals?

A plant living through a drought keeps most of its stomates closed. This results in a trade-off of physiological processes in which

Which statement about CAM and C₄ plants is true?

Two people go to a restaurant. One is a vegan and eats only plant material and one is an omnivore and has no dietary restrictions. They both order 500 g of food; the vegan orders plant-based food and the omnivore orders a steak. Which meal contains more energy? If these two individuals had to forage for the same types of food in the wild, which one would expend more energy?

What takes place during the second step of photosynthesis, referred to as the "carbon reactions"?

Despite being photosynthetic, mistletoe receives some of its energy from its host plant. Mistletoe is thus an example of a

In the net reaction of photosynthesis, 24 carbon dioxide molecules are converted into how many molecule(s) of glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) and how many molecules of oxygen?

In van Helmont's experiment measuring a growing tree, which possible energy source for the tree's growth was he able to rule out?

Which statement about radiant energy from the sun is false?

Orchid species that have lost their ability to photosynthesize, and instead parasitize fungi for all their energy needs, would best be classified as