Question 1

Trophic levels are integers in most ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Explain one of the consequences to humans of the loss of energy in a food chain.

Accepted Answer

(1) biomagnification of pollutants such as DDT
(2) decreased numbers and biomass of potential food animals

Question 3

In a trophic cascade,

Accepted Answer

A)  bottom-up factors are eliminated. 
B)  producers are released from competition. 
C)  top predators can affect producers. 
D)  omnivory is unaffected. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  bottom-up factors are eliminated. 
B)  producers are released from competition. 
C)  top predators can affect producers. 
D)  omnivory is unaffected. 
E)  none of the above C

Question 4

C4 photosynthesis should eventually replace C3 photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

C4 photosynthesis is an example of convergent evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Annual production of new biomass can be used to measure net primary production.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Top-down control of ecosystems

Accepted Answer

A)  is dependent on primary production. 
B)  is enhanced by disturbance. 
C)  can occur through keystone predators. 
D)  depends on omnivory. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is dependent on primary production. 
B)  is enhanced by disturbance. 
C)  can occur through keystone predators. 
D)  depends on omnivory. 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is not a method of measuring primary production?

Accepted Answer

A)  measurement of biomass 
B)  measurement of the uptake of 14C 
C)  EDDY analysis 
D)  measurement of chlorophyll 
E)  none of the above 
A)  measurement of biomass 
B)  measurement of the uptake of 14C 
C)  EDDY analysis 
D)  measurement of chlorophyll 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Cultural eutrophication is a natural process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Define primary production.

Accepted Answer

the rate o

Question 11

In the allometric equation y = bxa,

Accepted Answer

A)  x and y are two measures of an organism. 
B)  x and y are the allometric coefficient. 
C)  b represents the isometry factor. 
D)  a measures hyperallometry. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  x and y are two measures of an organism. 
B)  x and y are the allometric coefficient. 
C)  b represents the isometry factor. 
D)  a measures hyperallometry. 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following are thought to determine the length of food chains?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary production 
B)  the number of homeotherms in the food chain. 
C)  the degree of omnivory 
D)  disturbance 
E)  none of the above 
A)  primary production 
B)  the number of homeotherms in the food chain. 
C)  the degree of omnivory 
D)  disturbance 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

Explain the difference between biomagnification and bioaccumulation.

Accepted Answer

Bioaccumulation is the absorpt

Question 14

Prey adaptations affect the assimilation efficiency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Actual evapotranspiration is correlated with primary production.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Stable isotope analysis of nitrogen

Accepted Answer

A)  allows us to measure the rate of photosynthesis. 
B)  allows us to measure an organism's trophic position. 
C)  is possible because isotopes of nitrogen are incorporated at the same rate. 
D)  removes the effects of omnivory. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  allows us to measure the rate of photosynthesis. 
B)  allows us to measure an organism's trophic position. 
C)  is possible because isotopes of nitrogen are incorporated at the same rate. 
D)  removes the effects of omnivory. 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

__________ obtain energy from organic compounds; __________ obtain energy from inorganic sources.

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs

Question 18

C4 photosynthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  is advantageous because RUBP carboxylase has a high affinity for CO2. 
B)  is advantageous because PEP carboxylase has a high affinity for CO2. 
C)  the stomata can remain open during the day. 
D)  evolved just once. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is advantageous because RUBP carboxylase has a high affinity for CO2. 
B)  is advantageous because PEP carboxylase has a high affinity for CO2. 
C)  the stomata can remain open during the day. 
D)  evolved just once. 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

The biomass of blue whales is maintained by consuming large amounts of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biomass of blue whales is maintained...

Question 20

The study of food chain length by Young et al (2013) demonstrated that food chain length

Accepted Answer

A)  does not vary among islands. 
B)  correlated with ecosystem size. 
C)  correlated with productive space. 
D)  correlated with productivity. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  does not vary among islands. 
B)  correlated with ecosystem size. 
C)  correlated with productive space. 
D)  correlated with productivity. 
E)  none of the above

Exam 17: Energy Flow and Trophic Structure

Trophic levels are integers in most ecosystems.

Explain one of the consequences to humans of the loss of energy in a food chain.

In a trophic cascade,

C4 photosynthesis should eventually replace C3 photosynthesis.

C4 photosynthesis is an example of convergent evolution.

Annual production of new biomass can be used to measure net primary production.

Top-down control of ecosystems

Which of the following is not a method of measuring primary production?

Cultural eutrophication is a natural process.

Define primary production.

In the allometric equation y = bxa,

Which of the following are thought to determine the length of food chains?

Explain the difference between biomagnification and bioaccumulation.

Prey adaptations affect the assimilation efficiency.

Actual evapotranspiration is correlated with primary production.

Stable isotope analysis of nitrogen

__________ obtain energy from organic compounds; __________ obtain energy from inorganic sources.

C4 photosynthesis

The biomass of blue whales is maintained by consuming large amounts of __________.

The study of food chain length by Young et al (2013) demonstrated that food chain length

Introduction to Ecology

Adaptation and Evolution

Adaptations to the Physical Environment

Terrestrial Communities

Fresh-water and Marine Communities

Behavioral Ecology

The Ecology of Intraspecific Variation

Demography

Population Regulation

Life History Strategies

Competition

Coevolution I Exploitative Interactions

Mutualism

The Structure of Communities

Ecological Succession

Species Diversity

Biogeochemical Cycles

Conservation Biology

Landscape Ecology

Human Global Ecology

Filters

In the allometric equation y = bx^a,

obtain energy from organic compounds; obtain energy from inorganic sources.