Question 1

How do Mullerian mimics differ from Batesian mimics?

Accepted Answer

Mullerian mimics are toxic or noxious and resemble one another. Batesian mimics are benign species that resemble toxic or noxious species.

Question 2

In some birds' body size and niche breadth are positively correlated because large birds can consume both large and small prey.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

In __________ one species benefits but the other is unaffected; in __________ both species benefit.

Accepted Answer

Commensalism; mutualism

Question 4

Species with a large functional response tend to have a small numerical response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The principle of crypticity states that

Accepted Answer

A)  cryptic prey have large handling times. 
B)  crypticity applies only to visual predators. 
C)  prey should appear as a random sample of the background. 
D)  learning is unimportant in crypticity. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  cryptic prey have large handling times. 
B)  crypticity applies only to visual predators. 
C)  prey should appear as a random sample of the background. 
D)  learning is unimportant in crypticity. 
E)  none of the above

Question 6

Parasite virulence

Accepted Answer

A)  is selected against. 
B)  cannot decline. 
C)  is independent of the mode of transmission. 
D)  requires multiple infections of the host. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is selected against. 
B)  cannot decline. 
C)  is independent of the mode of transmission. 
D)  requires multiple infections of the host. 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

In a Type II functional response,

Accepted Answer

A)  at very high prey density consumption is limited by handling time. 
B)  at low prey density consumption increases because search time is small. 
C)  as search time increases consumption also increases. 
D)  as handling time decreases consumption also decreases. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  at very high prey density consumption is limited by handling time. 
B)  at low prey density consumption increases because search time is small. 
C)  as search time increases consumption also increases. 
D)  as handling time decreases consumption also decreases. 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Parasitoids are a type of parasite in which

Accepted Answer

A)  the host benefits as well. 
B)  the larvae develop in the body of the host. 
C)  plants are the primary host. 
D)  the eggs are laid in the nest of another species. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the host benefits as well. 
B)  the larvae develop in the body of the host. 
C)  plants are the primary host. 
D)  the eggs are laid in the nest of another species. 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

Optimal foraging theory suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  when search time is long relative to handling time, predators should be generalists. 
B)  when handling time is long relative to search time, predators should be generalists. 
C)  new items are added to the diet only if their handling time is larger than average. 
D)  specialized diets are rare in nature. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  when search time is long relative to handling time, predators should be generalists. 
B)  when handling time is long relative to search time, predators should be generalists. 
C)  new items are added to the diet only if their handling time is larger than average. 
D)  specialized diets are rare in nature. 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

According to the phytochemical coevolution theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  most herbivorous insects are generalists. 
B)  plant secondary compounds are universally toxic. 
C)  plants with novel secondary compounds can diversify into new species. 
D)  insects cannot adapt to some secondary compounds. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  most herbivorous insects are generalists. 
B)  plant secondary compounds are universally toxic. 
C)  plants with novel secondary compounds can diversify into new species. 
D)  insects cannot adapt to some secondary compounds. 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

Plants tolerate grazing by

Accepted Answer

A)  changing the pattern of tissue production. 
B)  reducing all plant growth. 
C)  decreasing photosynthesis. 
D)  shifting more resources to roots. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  changing the pattern of tissue production. 
B)  reducing all plant growth. 
C)  decreasing photosynthesis. 
D)  shifting more resources to roots. 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

Group hunting

Accepted Answer

A)  is an adaptation to large, dangerous prey. 
B)  is an adaptation that requires cooperation. 
C)  evolves when prey are widely scattered. 
D)  evolves when prey occur in large groups. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is an adaptation to large, dangerous prey. 
B)  is an adaptation that requires cooperation. 
C)  evolves when prey are widely scattered. 
D)  evolves when prey occur in large groups. 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

There is a negative correlation between a plant's apparency and chemical protection from grazing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The fitness of time maximizers is correlated with the rate of energy acquisition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Optimal foraging theory makes the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)  predators can make decisions. 
B)  there is a single, optimal foraging strategy. 
C)  selection operates on groups. 
D)  the foraging strategy has a genetic basis. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  predators can make decisions. 
B)  there is a single, optimal foraging strategy. 
C)  selection operates on groups. 
D)  the foraging strategy has a genetic basis. 
E)  none of the above

Question 16

In general plants that employ secondary compounds to deter grazing are

Accepted Answer

A)  more successful than those with compensatory ability. 
B)  less likely to have high compensatory ability. 
C)  more likely to have high compensatory ability. 
D)  less successful than those with compensatory ability. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  more successful than those with compensatory ability. 
B)  less likely to have high compensatory ability. 
C)  more likely to have high compensatory ability. 
D)  less successful than those with compensatory ability. 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

In diverse communities, resistant plant species may protect other plant species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Plant secondary compounds

Accepted Answer

A)  were thought to be biochemical byproducts. 
B)  render plants toxic or indigestible. 
C)  include compounds such as lignin and silica. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c
F) none of the above 
A)  were thought to be biochemical byproducts. 
B)  render plants toxic or indigestible. 
C)  include compounds such as lignin and silica. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c
F) none of the above

Question 19

One advantage of a complex parasite life cycle is that large numbers of infectious forms can be produced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Explain how noctuid moths avoid predation by bats.

Accepted Answer

The moths emit sound

Exam 12: Coevolution I Exploitative Interactions

How do Mullerian mimics differ from Batesian mimics?

In some birds' body size and niche breadth are positively correlated because large birds can consume both large and small prey.

In __________ one species benefits but the other is unaffected; in __________ both species benefit.

Species with a large functional response tend to have a small numerical response.

The principle of crypticity states that

Parasite virulence

In a Type II functional response,

Parasitoids are a type of parasite in which

Optimal foraging theory suggests that

According to the phytochemical coevolution theory,

Plants tolerate grazing by

Group hunting

There is a negative correlation between a plant's apparency and chemical protection from grazing.

The fitness of time maximizers is correlated with the rate of energy acquisition.

Optimal foraging theory makes the assumption that

In general plants that employ secondary compounds to deter grazing are

In diverse communities, resistant plant species may protect other plant species.

Plant secondary compounds

One advantage of a complex parasite life cycle is that large numbers of infectious forms can be produced.

Explain how noctuid moths avoid predation by bats.

Introduction to Ecology

Adaptation and Evolution

Adaptations to the Physical Environment

Terrestrial Communities

Fresh-water and Marine Communities

Behavioral Ecology

The Ecology of Intraspecific Variation

Demography

Population Regulation

Life History Strategies

Competition

Mutualism

The Structure of Communities

Ecological Succession

Species Diversity

Energy Flow and Trophic Structure

Biogeochemical Cycles

Conservation Biology

Landscape Ecology

Human Global Ecology

Filters

In one species benefits but the other is unaffected; in both species benefit.