Question 1

Species arise when gene flow between populations is inhibited.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The Yasuni forest in the Amazon is characterized by high but uniform species diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Biodiversity is the sum of alpha, beta, and gamma diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

In grasslands,

Accepted Answer

A)  species diversity increased during drought. 
B)  species-poor communities were less affected by drought. 
C)  species-rich communities were less affected by drought. 
D)  evenness is correlated with drought resistance. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  species diversity increased during drought. 
B)  species-poor communities were less affected by drought. 
C)  species-rich communities were less affected by drought. 
D)  evenness is correlated with drought resistance. 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

The global extinction rate began to increase

Accepted Answer

A)  before humans migrated from Africa. 
B)  coincided with the development of agriculture. 
C)  began when humans became hunter-gatherers. 
D)  when the Pleistocene glaciers advanced. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  before humans migrated from Africa. 
B)  coincided with the development of agriculture. 
C)  began when humans became hunter-gatherers. 
D)  when the Pleistocene glaciers advanced. 
E)  none of the above

Question 6

Habitats with moderate levels of disturbance have higher species diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

"Uncertainty" in the Shannon-Weiner Index

Accepted Answer

A)  is a measure of species richness. 
B)  is a measure of species abundance. 
C)  is a measure of species richness and abundance. 
D)  refers to the variation inherent in sampling. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is a measure of species richness. 
B)  is a measure of species abundance. 
C)  is a measure of species richness and abundance. 
D)  refers to the variation inherent in sampling. 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Explain why species diversity is low when disturbance is frequent in the Intermediate Disturbance hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Not all species are able to su

Question 9

Ecological stability is the result of __________, the tendency of a system not to change when disturbed and __________, the ability of the system to recover.

Accepted Answer

resistance

Question 10

The Shannon-Weiner index of diversity measures gamma diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following was not a cause of mass extinctions in the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

A)  tectonic movement 
B)  asteroids 
C)  changes in sea level 
D)  changes in solar output 
E)  none of the above 
A)  tectonic movement 
B)  asteroids 
C)  changes in sea level 
D)  changes in solar output 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

In Simberloff's experimental test of the theory of island biogeography, the same species were found on each island as had been present before the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following are not regions with high species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  ecotones 
B)  upland tropical forest 
C)  the deep ocean floor 
D)  peninsulas 
E)  none of the above 
A)  ecotones 
B)  upland tropical forest 
C)  the deep ocean floor 
D)  peninsulas 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

When the habitat is complex, few species can survive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Pre-mating reproductive barriers

Accepted Answer

A)  generally arise before post-mating barriers. 
B)  are the result of local adaptation. 
C)  arise when hybrids are selected against. 
D)  facilitate gene flow. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  generally arise before post-mating barriers. 
B)  are the result of local adaptation. 
C)  arise when hybrids are selected against. 
D)  facilitate gene flow. 
E)  none of the above

Question 16

The equilibrium number of species on an island

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when the extinction rate reaches zero. 
B)  is independent of island size. 
C)  occurs when immigration equals extinction. 
D)  occurs when no more species are able to immigrate. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  occurs when the extinction rate reaches zero. 
B)  is independent of island size. 
C)  occurs when immigration equals extinction. 
D)  occurs when no more species are able to immigrate. 
E)  none of the above

Question 17

In the Shannon-Weiner index (H = -∑ pi ln pi) the variable pi represents the number of individuals in species i.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the allopatric model of speciation,

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrid matings are selected against. 
B)  species arise in the same region. 
C)  gene flow increases as speciation proceeds. 
D)  the populations must experience a single environment. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  hybrid matings are selected against. 
B)  species arise in the same region. 
C)  gene flow increases as speciation proceeds. 
D)  the populations must experience a single environment. 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

Explain why the immigration rate declines as a function of the number of species on an island.

Accepted Answer

As each species colonizes, the

Question 20

In the species area equation S = cAz ,

Accepted Answer

A)  c is the competition coefficient 
B)  A is the area of the island 
C)  z is the tangent to the curve 
D)  the value of z is unknown for most islands 
E)  none of the above 
A)  c is the competition coefficient 
B)  A is the area of the island 
C)  z is the tangent to the curve 
D)  the value of z is unknown for most islands 
E)  none of the above

Exam 16: Species Diversity

Species arise when gene flow between populations is inhibited.

The Yasuni forest in the Amazon is characterized by high but uniform species diversity.

Biodiversity is the sum of alpha, beta, and gamma diversity.

In grasslands,

The global extinction rate began to increase

Habitats with moderate levels of disturbance have higher species diversity.

"Uncertainty" in the Shannon-Weiner Index

Explain why species diversity is low when disturbance is frequent in the Intermediate Disturbance hypothesis.

Ecological stability is the result of __________, the tendency of a system not to change when disturbed and __________, the ability of the system to recover.

The Shannon-Weiner index of diversity measures gamma diversity.

Which of the following was not a cause of mass extinctions in the fossil record?

In Simberloff's experimental test of the theory of island biogeography, the same species were found on each island as had been present before the treatment.

Which of the following are not regions with high species diversity?

When the habitat is complex, few species can survive.

Pre-mating reproductive barriers

The equilibrium number of species on an island

In the Shannon-Weiner index (H = -∑ pi ln pi) the variable pi represents the number of individuals in species i.

In the allopatric model of speciation,

Explain why the immigration rate declines as a function of the number of species on an island.

In the species area equation S = cAz ,

Introduction to Ecology

Adaptation and Evolution

Adaptations to the Physical Environment

Terrestrial Communities

Fresh-water and Marine Communities

Behavioral Ecology

The Ecology of Intraspecific Variation

Demography

Population Regulation

Life History Strategies

Competition

Coevolution I Exploitative Interactions

Mutualism

The Structure of Communities

Ecological Succession

Energy Flow and Trophic Structure

Biogeochemical Cycles

Conservation Biology

Landscape Ecology

Human Global Ecology

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Ecological stability is the result of , the tendency of a system not to change when disturbed and , the ability of the system to recover.

In the Shannon-Weiner index (H = -∑ p_i ln p_i) the variable p_i represents the number of individuals in species i.

In the species area equation S = cA^z,