Question 1

What are some of the practical approaches and programs suggested by psychological positivist theories?

Accepted Answer

The most prominent influence relates to the classification of an offender's risk and needs and the development of case management plans and offender supervision strategies based on these classifications. Another example in this area is the development of different techniques used to interview, assess, and counsel offenders and development of the strategies used to foster compliance with the basic rules of community supervision.
Another way in which the psychological positivist theories live on in the criminal justice system is in the emphasis on risk prediction and actuarial assessments. One of the clearest practical ramifications of psychological theories can be found in the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). People are scored on a 20-item scale, and each item is scored out of 3 points, with an overall score ranging from 0 to 40. A score of 30 denotes a psychopath.

Question 2

Which of the following is true according to Bowlby's attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personality development is tied to modeling of the same sex parent. 
B)  Attachments to significant others and close friends can be as important as attachments to parents. 
C)  Psychopaths are created by overly attentive parents who spoil their children. 
D)  Criminals that form attachments to other criminals tend to offend more frequently than criminals who have more prosocial connections. 
E)  Bonds formed between mothers and their children are most important. 
A)  Personality development is tied to modeling of the same sex parent. 
B)  Attachments to significant others and close friends can be as important as attachments to parents. 
C)  Psychopaths are created by overly attentive parents who spoil their children. 
D)  Criminals that form attachments to other criminals tend to offend more frequently than criminals who have more prosocial connections. 
E)  Bonds formed between mothers and their children are most important. E

Question 3

Research on psychological positivist theories has indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  criminals frequently suffer from maternal deprivation. 
B)  early life experiences and other developmental factors are very important to understanding involvement in delinquency. 
C)  thinking patterns are very important to understanding criminality. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  criminals frequently suffer from maternal deprivation. 
B)  early life experiences and other developmental factors are very important to understanding involvement in delinquency. 
C)  thinking patterns are very important to understanding criminality. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. D

Question 4

What kinds of crimes do these theories try to explain?

Accepted Answer

The problem focus of psychological posit

Question 5

According to some research, certain personality disorders are associated with specific types of crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder compose a small subset of those with psychopathy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Psychopathy is considered to be a mental illness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is true with regard to psychopathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychopathy is one specific category of a psychotic classification in psychiatry. 
B)  Punishment is less likely to affect a psychopath versus a normal person. 
C)  Psychopaths are poorly suited to jobs in high finance or politics. 
D)  Psychopaths represent at least 50% of the prison population. 
E)  Rewarding psychopaths is the most effective way to control them. 
A)  Psychopathy is one specific category of a psychotic classification in psychiatry. 
B)  Punishment is less likely to affect a psychopath versus a normal person. 
C)  Psychopaths are poorly suited to jobs in high finance or politics. 
D)  Psychopaths represent at least 50% of the prison population. 
E)  Rewarding psychopaths is the most effective way to control them.

Question 9

Psychological positivists assume that one's personality is stable and that behavior is consistent throughout one's life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is not a path to criminality described by psychoanalytic theorists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weak ego resulting in impulsive and hedonistic behavior 
B)  Weak superego resulting in egocentric and manipulative behavior 
C)  Weak id resulting in violent and irrational behavior 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Weak ego resulting in impulsive and hedonistic behavior 
B)  Weak superego resulting in egocentric and manipulative behavior 
C)  Weak id resulting in violent and irrational behavior 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

An important modern practical ramification of psychological positivism can be seen in the emphasis on risk assessment and prediction in the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Aichhorn's theory of juvenile delinquency suggested:

Accepted Answer

A)  that criminals have undeveloped egos and superegos. 
B)  that criminals have unregulated ids. 
C)  parenting plays a prominent role in the formation of a criminal personality. 
D)  Oedipal complexes and other childhood deprivations may cause criminal behavior. 
E)  all of the above. 
A)  that criminals have undeveloped egos and superegos. 
B)  that criminals have unregulated ids. 
C)  parenting plays a prominent role in the formation of a criminal personality. 
D)  Oedipal complexes and other childhood deprivations may cause criminal behavior. 
E)  all of the above.

Question 13

Eysenck's theory of the criminal personality combines ideas from operant conditioning theory and hierarchical trait theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What are the assumptions made by psychological positivist theorists?

Accepted Answer

Psychological positivist theories are de

Question 15

How have historical and social contexts influenced psychological positivist theories?

Accepted Answer

The impact of psychological positivism i

Question 16

Which of the following was a key influence in the emergence of psychological positivism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early research on moral insanity in psychiatry 
B)  Twins and adoption studies 
C)  B. F. Skinner's work on operant conditioning theory 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Early research on moral insanity in psychiatry 
B)  Twins and adoption studies 
C)  B. F. Skinner's work on operant conditioning theory 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

According to Freud's psychoanalytic approach, the ego is the instinctual and primal part of one's personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Psychological positivists assume that:

Accepted Answer

A)  motivation is determined by our inherent drive for survival and sex. 
B)  the law defines behavior as normal and abnormal. 
C)  human behavior is determined by factors beyond our control. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  motivation is determined by our inherent drive for survival and sex. 
B)  the law defines behavior as normal and abnormal. 
C)  human behavior is determined by factors beyond our control. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 19

The problem focus and scope of psychological positivist theories does not include:

Accepted Answer

A)  individual criminality. 
B)  crime rates. 
C)  the criminal personality. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  individual criminality. 
B)  crime rates. 
C)  the criminal personality. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 20

Neurotic crime refers to acts in which individuals commit crime with the intention of being caught and punished.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What are some of the practical approaches and programs suggested by psychological positivist theories?

Which of the following is true according to Bowlby's attachment theory?

Research on psychological positivist theories has indicated that:

What kinds of crimes do these theories try to explain?

According to some research, certain personality disorders are associated with specific types of crime.

Those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder compose a small subset of those with psychopathy.

Psychopathy is considered to be a mental illness.

Which of the following is true with regard to psychopathy?

Psychological positivists assume that one's personality is stable and that behavior is consistent throughout one's life.

Which of the following is not a path to criminality described by psychoanalytic theorists?

An important modern practical ramification of psychological positivism can be seen in the emphasis on risk assessment and prediction in the criminal justice system.

Aichhorn's theory of juvenile delinquency suggested:

Eysenck's theory of the criminal personality combines ideas from operant conditioning theory and hierarchical trait theory.

What are the assumptions made by psychological positivist theorists?

How have historical and social contexts influenced psychological positivist theories?

Which of the following was a key influence in the emergence of psychological positivism?

According to Freud's psychoanalytic approach, the ego is the instinctual and primal part of one's personality.

Psychological positivists assume that:

The problem focus and scope of psychological positivist theories does not include:

Neurotic crime refers to acts in which individuals commit crime with the intention of being caught and punished.

Basic Principles of Theorizing and Mapping

The Seven-Step Model and Early Explanations of Criminality

Biological Positivist Theories

Psychological Process Theories

Differential Association and Social Learning Theories

Control Theories

Labeling Theories

Social Disorganization Theories

Social Strain and Anomie Theories

Conflict Theories

Rational Choice Theories

Integrated and General Theories

Biosocial Theories

Developmental and Life Course Theories

Conclusion

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Exam 4: Psychological Positivist Theories

What are some of the practical approaches and programs suggested by psychological positivist theories?

Which of the following is true according to Bowlby's attachment theory?

Research on psychological positivist theories has indicated that:

What kinds of crimes do these theories try to explain?

According to some research, certain personality disorders are associated with specific types of crime.

Those diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder compose a small subset of those with psychopathy.

Psychopathy is considered to be a mental illness.

Which of the following is true with regard to psychopathy?

Psychological positivists assume that one's personality is stable and that behavior is consistent throughout one's life.

Which of the following is not a path to criminality described by psychoanalytic theorists?

An important modern practical ramification of psychological positivism can be seen in the emphasis on risk assessment and prediction in the criminal justice system.

Aichhorn's theory of juvenile delinquency suggested:

Eysenck's theory of the criminal personality combines ideas from operant conditioning theory and hierarchical trait theory.

What are the assumptions made by psychological positivist theorists?

How have historical and social contexts influenced psychological positivist theories?

Which of the following was a key influence in the emergence of psychological positivism?

According to Freud's psychoanalytic approach, the ego is the instinctual and primal part of one's personality.

Psychological positivists assume that:

The problem focus and scope of psychological positivist theories does not include:

Neurotic crime refers to acts in which individuals commit crime with the intention of being caught and punished.

Basic Principles of Theorizing and Mapping

The Seven-Step Model and Early Explanations of Criminality

Biological Positivist Theories

Psychological Process Theories

Differential Association and Social Learning Theories

Control Theories

Labeling Theories

Social Disorganization Theories

Social Strain and Anomie Theories

Conflict Theories

Rational Choice Theories

Integrated and General Theories

Biosocial Theories

Developmental and Life Course Theories

Conclusion

Filters