Question 1

Which of the following was not a key influence in the development of biosocial theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. O. Wilson's sociobiology 
B)  The work of H. J. Eysenck 
C)  Social ecology 
D)  The work of C. R. Jeffery 
E)  The modern synthesis 
A)  E. O. Wilson's sociobiology 
B)  The work of H. J. Eysenck 
C)  Social ecology 
D)  The work of C. R. Jeffery 
E)  The modern synthesis C

Question 2

The cascade theory of reward suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  alcoholism and many other addictive, impulsive behaviors have the same underlying cause. 
B)  people with a particular serotonin receptor abnormality experience behavioral rewards differently than normal people because reward centers in the limbic system fail to receive the appropriate neurotransmitters. 
C)  issues in the prefrontal cortex and reticular activating system (RAS) cause impulsivity and aggression. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  alcoholism and many other addictive, impulsive behaviors have the same underlying cause. 
B)  people with a particular serotonin receptor abnormality experience behavioral rewards differently than normal people because reward centers in the limbic system fail to receive the appropriate neurotransmitters. 
C)  issues in the prefrontal cortex and reticular activating system (RAS) cause impulsivity and aggression. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. A

Question 3

Biosocial theorists believe that crime is a clear behavioral construct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

What are some of the challenges and critiques leveled against these theories?

Accepted Answer

Some have accused biosocial theorists of

Question 5

Molecular genetics attempts to locate particular genes involved with specific traits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What role has new technology played in the development and testing of biosocial theories?

Accepted Answer

A very large role. Many theories are dev

Question 7

Studies examining the lead crime connection have typically been cross-sectional rather than longitudinal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Research on biosocial theories:

Accepted Answer

A)  suggests that early life experiences such as parenting and socioeconomic status have little to no effect on the brain. 
B)  has found that gender plays little to no role in chronic offending. 
C)  indicates that among maltreated children, those with a genotype conferring high levels of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-
A)  expression were less likely to develop antisocial problems later in life. 
D)  is much more useful for explaining crime rate variations between countries than explaining individual criminality. 
E)  demonstrates that people commit crime at the same rate regardless of their social class. 
A)  suggests that early life experiences such as parenting and socioeconomic status have little to no effect on the brain. 
B)  has found that gender plays little to no role in chronic offending. 
C)  indicates that among maltreated children, those with a genotype conferring high levels of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-
A)  expression were less likely to develop antisocial problems later in life. 
D)  is much more useful for explaining crime rate variations between countries than explaining individual criminality. 
E)  demonstrates that people commit crime at the same rate regardless of their social class.

Question 9

Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Active rGE refers to when the environment exerts influences on the individual; this is usually associated with one's formative years

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Biosocial theorists assume that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people are blank slates. 
B)  people are naturally altruistic. 
C)  people have free will and are not influenced by factors beyond their control. 
D)  people have varying degrees of free will and behavior is influenced by various factors. 
E)  consensus and conflict views of the law are inherently incompatible. 
A)  people are blank slates. 
B)  people are naturally altruistic. 
C)  people have free will and are not influenced by factors beyond their control. 
D)  people have varying degrees of free will and behavior is influenced by various factors. 
E)  consensus and conflict views of the law are inherently incompatible.

Question 12

Biosocial theorists have proposed three interrelated levels of explanation-evolutionary, neuroscientific, and genetic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Genotypes can be affected by environmental factors, such as weather and diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What are some of the differences between biological and biosocial explanations of antisocial and criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Biological explanations tend to disregar

Question 15

Which of the following is not an example of a practical ramification of the biosocial theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administration of prescription drugs 
B)  Providing justification for outlawing the death penalty for juveniles 
C)  The rise of neurolaw 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Administration of prescription drugs 
B)  Providing justification for outlawing the death penalty for juveniles 
C)  The rise of neurolaw 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is false with regard to the neurological explanations of criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  They point out that the human brain has a high level of plasticity and is shaped by its external environment. 
B)  They focus on examining levels of neurotransmitters in the brain as well as levels of hormones in the body. 
C)  They draw on various forms of learning theory, including classical and operant conditioning. 
D)  They are concerned with understanding the areas of the brain. 
E)  They suggest that people with higher levels of arousal are less responsive to punishment. 
A)  They point out that the human brain has a high level of plasticity and is shaped by its external environment. 
B)  They focus on examining levels of neurotransmitters in the brain as well as levels of hormones in the body. 
C)  They draw on various forms of learning theory, including classical and operant conditioning. 
D)  They are concerned with understanding the areas of the brain. 
E)  They suggest that people with higher levels of arousal are less responsive to punishment.

Question 17

What is the role of environmental toxins in biosocial criminology? How might this connect to so-called green criminology and the study of epigenesis?

Accepted Answer

Environmental toxins, such as lead, have

Question 18

According to modern evolutionary explanations of criminal behavior:

Accepted Answer

A)  criminals are evolutionary throwbacks and are less evolved than law-abiding citizens. 
B)  in early periods of human history, antisocial behavior that we would consider crime created many disadvantages; this is why most people today don't commit crime. 
C)  criminals are more evolved than law-abiding citizens because they have discovered how to make money without working. 
D)  criminals tend to have different mating and parenting strategies compared with law-abiding people. 
E)  the criminal justice system represents an important leap in human evolution. 
A)  criminals are evolutionary throwbacks and are less evolved than law-abiding citizens. 
B)  in early periods of human history, antisocial behavior that we would consider crime created many disadvantages; this is why most people today don't commit crime. 
C)  criminals are more evolved than law-abiding citizens because they have discovered how to make money without working. 
D)  criminals tend to have different mating and parenting strategies compared with law-abiding people. 
E)  the criminal justice system represents an important leap in human evolution.

Question 19

Genetic explanations of behavior:

Accepted Answer

A)  identify traits that are connected to criminal behavior. 
B)  examine how genes interact with one's environment. 
C)  argue that it is important to consider how IQ and underarousal of the nervous system contribute to criminality. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  identify traits that are connected to criminal behavior. 
B)  examine how genes interact with one's environment. 
C)  argue that it is important to consider how IQ and underarousal of the nervous system contribute to criminality. 
D)  all of the above. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 20

What assumptions about human nature do biosocial theories make?

Accepted Answer

These theories assume that people vary i

Which of the following was not a key influence in the development of biosocial theories?

The cascade theory of reward suggests that:

Biosocial theorists believe that crime is a clear behavioral construct.

What are some of the challenges and critiques leveled against these theories?

Molecular genetics attempts to locate particular genes involved with specific traits.

What role has new technology played in the development and testing of biosocial theories?

Studies examining the lead crime connection have typically been cross-sectional rather than longitudinal.

Research on biosocial theories:

Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters.

Active rGE refers to when the environment exerts influences on the individual; this is usually associated with one's formative years

Biosocial theorists assume that:

Biosocial theorists have proposed three interrelated levels of explanation-evolutionary, neuroscientific, and genetic.

Genotypes can be affected by environmental factors, such as weather and diet.

What are some of the differences between biological and biosocial explanations of antisocial and criminal behavior?

Which of the following is not an example of a practical ramification of the biosocial theories?

Which of the following is false with regard to the neurological explanations of criminal behavior?

What is the role of environmental toxins in biosocial criminology? How might this connect to so-called green criminology and the study of epigenesis?

According to modern evolutionary explanations of criminal behavior:

Genetic explanations of behavior:

What assumptions about human nature do biosocial theories make?

Basic Principles of Theorizing and Mapping

The Seven-Step Model and Early Explanations of Criminality

Biological Positivist Theories

Psychological Positivist Theories

Psychological Process Theories

Differential Association and Social Learning Theories

Control Theories

Labeling Theories

Social Disorganization Theories

Social Strain and Anomie Theories

Conflict Theories

Rational Choice Theories

Integrated and General Theories

Developmental and Life Course Theories

Conclusion

Filters

Exam 14: Biosocial Theories

Which of the following was not a key influence in the development of biosocial theories?

The cascade theory of reward suggests that:

Biosocial theorists believe that crime is a clear behavioral construct.

What are some of the challenges and critiques leveled against these theories?

Molecular genetics attempts to locate particular genes involved with specific traits.

What role has new technology played in the development and testing of biosocial theories?

Studies examining the lead crime connection have typically been cross-sectional rather than longitudinal.

Research on biosocial theories:

Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters.

Active rGE refers to when the environment exerts influences on the individual; this is usually associated with one's formative years

Biosocial theorists assume that:

Biosocial theorists have proposed three interrelated levels of explanation-evolutionary, neuroscientific, and genetic.

Genotypes can be affected by environmental factors, such as weather and diet.

What are some of the differences between biological and biosocial explanations of antisocial and criminal behavior?

Which of the following is not an example of a practical ramification of the biosocial theories?

Which of the following is false with regard to the neurological explanations of criminal behavior?

What is the role of environmental toxins in biosocial criminology? How might this connect to so-called green criminology and the study of epigenesis?

According to modern evolutionary explanations of criminal behavior:

Genetic explanations of behavior:

What assumptions about human nature do biosocial theories make?

Basic Principles of Theorizing and Mapping

The Seven-Step Model and Early Explanations of Criminality

Biological Positivist Theories

Psychological Positivist Theories

Psychological Process Theories

Differential Association and Social Learning Theories

Control Theories

Labeling Theories

Social Disorganization Theories

Social Strain and Anomie Theories

Conflict Theories

Rational Choice Theories

Integrated and General Theories

Developmental and Life Course Theories

Conclusion

Filters