Exam 1: Theory and Crime

Theories help us explain the facts of crime.

A negative correlation is said to occur when, on average, one phenomenon increases and another phenomenon also increases.

According to Bernard, Snipes, and Gerould, causation means four things are present. They are:

Theories make statements about the relationships between things that we can observe.

The modern-day penitentiary developed by the Quakers was based on the spiritual explanation of crime.

Quaker beliefs and practices are evident in the modern prison system. How were these beliefs and practices used in the development of the early penitentiary? What aspects of modern prisons can be traced to the Quaker era?

__________ criminology sees crime as determined by multiple causes and calls for attempts to turn people into law abiding citizens through rehabilitation.

Identify the four elements of meaningful scientific causation. How do they contribute to theoretical testing?

Spiritual explanations of criminal behavior in U.S. colonies were typical during the 1600-1700s. Describe the rationale behind this explanation of crime and outline the evolution over time to current explanations of criminal behavior.

Self-control theory states that higher levels of self-control are related to lower levels of delinquency. What type of relationship is expected between these two variables?