Question 1

Why do mnemonics work?

Accepted Answer

Effective mnemonics take advantage of the strengths of human memory while simultaneously compensating for weaknesses. One reason the method of loci works is because people are extremely good at remembering spatial and visual information. Another reason the method of loci works well is that it provides many memory cues when an image includes movement, sounds, and scents. In addition, the private nature of images used in the method of loci allows people to make images highly memorable by making them humorous, salacious, or disgusting. People are much better at remembering funny, lewd, and gross material than mundane material. In addition to maximizing the strengths and minimizing the weaknesses of long-term memory, mnemonics also work by reducing working-memory load

Question 2

What is a default mode network (DMN)?

Accepted Answer

The DMN is a set of brain regions including the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (P/PCC), the ventral ACC/medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), angular gyrus (AG), and medial temporal cortex. The DMN shows high levels of activity when an individual is at rest and decreased activity when an individual engages in goal-directed cognitive behaviours

Question 3

According to the method of loci, backgrounds should themselves have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  as many features of interest as possible and images should also be highly detailed and unique and should contain as much information as possible 
B)  few features of interest while images, unlike backgrounds, should be highly detailed and unique and should contain as much information as possible 
C)  few features of interest and images, much like backgrounds, should display as little information as possible 
D)  as many features of interest as possible while images should display as little information as possible 
A)  as many features of interest as possible and images should also be highly detailed and unique and should contain as much information as possible 
B)  few features of interest while images, unlike backgrounds, should be highly detailed and unique and should contain as much information as possible 
C)  few features of interest and images, much like backgrounds, should display as little information as possible 
D)  as many features of interest as possible while images should display as little information as possible B

Question 4

The spacing effect is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a phenomenon where material is forgotten more quickly if there are intervening items between two presentations of the material than when the material is presented back to back 
B)  a phenomenon where material is better recalled if there are intervening items between two presentations of the material than when the material is presented back to back 
C)  the observation that the spatial context provides cues for remembering events 
D)  the observation that spatial memory tend to be stronger than other types of memory 
A)  a phenomenon where material is forgotten more quickly if there are intervening items between two presentations of the material than when the material is presented back to back 
B)  a phenomenon where material is better recalled if there are intervening items between two presentations of the material than when the material is presented back to back 
C)  the observation that the spatial context provides cues for remembering events 
D)  the observation that spatial memory tend to be stronger than other types of memory

Question 5

A memory palace is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a modern research centre specialized with memory 
B)  in ancient times, the temple where people worshipped the goddess of memory 
C)  in ancient times, the special building in which scholars practised their mnemonic skills 
D)  an imagined location used in the method of loci 
A)  a modern research centre specialized with memory 
B)  in ancient times, the temple where people worshipped the goddess of memory 
C)  in ancient times, the special building in which scholars practised their mnemonic skills 
D)  an imagined location used in the method of loci

Question 6

One reason the method of loci works is because people are extremely good at remembering ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  strings of meaningful words 
B)  strings of meaningful dates, 
C)  spatial and visual information 
D)  explicit memories 
E)  e.g. important dates, ages etc. 
A)  strings of meaningful words 
B)  strings of meaningful dates, 
C)  spatial and visual information 
D)  explicit memories 
E)  e.g. important dates, ages etc.

Question 7

Hill and Schneider (2006) found that activation in ________ decreased as participants became better able to perform the motor tracking task, while activity in the motor regions stayed about the same, indicating that the motor regions were able to support the task more or less independently after sufficient practice.

Accepted Answer

A)  the posterior parietal complex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
B)  the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and the ventral ACC/medial prefrontal cortex 
C)  the angular gyrus and the medial temporal cortex 
D)  the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and the medial temporal cortex 
A)  the posterior parietal complex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex 
B)  the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and the ventral ACC/medial prefrontal cortex 
C)  the angular gyrus and the medial temporal cortex 
D)  the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and the medial temporal cortex

Question 8

According to Fitts and Posner, what are the three stages that individuals go through when developing a skill? Briefly describe each.

Accepted Answer

According to Fitts and Posner, individua

Question 9

The method of loci is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a mnemonic for memorizing very long numbers 
B)  a method for rapid forgetting 
C)  a mnemonic that involves repeated rehearsals in different physical locations 
D)  a mnemonic that involves visualizing to-be-remembered images at different mental locations along a well-known path 
A)  a mnemonic for memorizing very long numbers 
B)  a method for rapid forgetting 
C)  a mnemonic that involves repeated rehearsals in different physical locations 
D)  a mnemonic that involves visualizing to-be-remembered images at different mental locations along a well-known path

Question 10

According to skilled memory theory by Chase and Ericsson (1981), exceptional memory can develop in any individual when three principles are followed. The principles proposed in their theory do not include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the encoding principle 
B)  the retrieval-structure principle 
C)  the non-interference principle 
D)  the speed-up principle 
A)  the encoding principle 
B)  the retrieval-structure principle 
C)  the non-interference principle 
D)  the speed-up principle

Question 11

Maguire et al. (2003) compared brain activity during the encoding of visual stimuli of digits, faces, or snowflakes. When they analyzed the fMRI data, they found that superior memorizers (SMs) had increased activity ________ where performance of the SMs was the same as performance of controls.

Accepted Answer

A)  in the occipital cortex and anterior hippocampus, even during the snowflake task 
B)  in the medial parietal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and right posterior hippocampus, even during the snowflake task 
C)  in the occipital cortex and anterior hippocampus, but only during the snowflake task 
D)  in the medial parietal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and right posterior hippocampus, but only during the snowflake task 
A)  in the occipital cortex and anterior hippocampus, even during the snowflake task 
B)  in the medial parietal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and right posterior hippocampus, even during the snowflake task 
C)  in the occipital cortex and anterior hippocampus, but only during the snowflake task 
D)  in the medial parietal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and right posterior hippocampus, but only during the snowflake task

Question 12

How did people memorize complex information throughout history?

Accepted Answer

Until relatively recently, people memori

Question 13

Based on the work of Anders Ericsson and his group, design and defend from possible objections a training program for either a violin player of a soccer player.

Accepted Answer

Based on the work of Anders Ericsson and

Question 14

In addition to maximizing the strengths and minimizing the weaknesses of long-term memory, mnemonics also work by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing working-memory load 
B)  reducing working-memory load 
C)  reducing long-term memory load 
D)  reducing attentional load 
A)  increasing working-memory load 
B)  reducing working-memory load 
C)  reducing long-term memory load 
D)  reducing attentional load

Question 15

One reason the method of loci works is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  private nature of images used allows people to make images highly memorable by making them humorous, salacious, or disgusting 
B)  fact that it has been refined over the ages 
C)  highly competitive nature of the games in which it is used 
D)  fact that it is typically used by people with genetic predisposition to strong memory 
A)  private nature of images used allows people to make images highly memorable by making them humorous, salacious, or disgusting 
B)  fact that it has been refined over the ages 
C)  highly competitive nature of the games in which it is used 
D)  fact that it is typically used by people with genetic predisposition to strong memory

Question 16

The method of loci can be used without any other mnemonic devices if the to-be-remembered material is easy to visualize but, when the material involves ________, a memorizer must employ a system that converts ________ that can be placed in a memory palace.

Accepted Answer

A)  an emotion; this into a number 
B)  a piece of music; this into a number 
C)  digits; the number into an image 
D)  digits; the number into a special and easy to remember number 
A)  an emotion; this into a number 
B)  a piece of music; this into a number 
C)  digits; the number into an image 
D)  digits; the number into a special and easy to remember number

Question 17

The major system is rarely if ever used by present-day memory athletes. The PAO system is preferred because ________ and there is no awkward translation step.

Accepted Answer

A)  it avoids using highly unusual (and therefore difficult to remember) numbers 
B)  it uses highly unusual (and therefore highly memorable) sounds 
C)  it avoids using highly unusual (and therefore difficult to remember) images 
D)  it uses highly unusual (and therefore highly memorable) images 
A)  it avoids using highly unusual (and therefore difficult to remember) numbers 
B)  it uses highly unusual (and therefore highly memorable) sounds 
C)  it avoids using highly unusual (and therefore difficult to remember) images 
D)  it uses highly unusual (and therefore highly memorable) images

Question 18

Little and Bjork (2012) suggest that completing ________ may benefit students more than ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-answer quizzes; self-administered 
B)  self-grading quizzes; instructor-administered quizzes 
C)  multiple-choice quizzes; short-answer quizzes 
D)  true-or-false quizzes; multiple-choice quizzes 
A)  short-answer quizzes; self-administered 
B)  self-grading quizzes; instructor-administered quizzes 
C)  multiple-choice quizzes; short-answer quizzes 
D)  true-or-false quizzes; multiple-choice quizzes

Question 19

What is the importance of feedback for enhancing the testing effect?

Accepted Answer

Feedback regarding the accuracy of a giv

Question 20

What are two methods to memorize digits?

Accepted Answer

The material to be memorized involves di

Why do mnemonics work?

What is a default mode network (DMN)?

According to the method of loci, backgrounds should themselves have ________.

The spacing effect is ________.

A memory palace is ________.

One reason the method of loci works is because people are extremely good at remembering ________.

According to Fitts and Posner, what are the three stages that individuals go through when developing a skill? Briefly describe each.

The method of loci is ________.

According to skilled memory theory by Chase and Ericsson (1981), exceptional memory can develop in any individual when three principles are followed. The principles proposed in their theory do not include ________.

Maguire et al. (2003) compared brain activity during the encoding of visual stimuli of digits, faces, or snowflakes. When they analyzed the fMRI data, they found that superior memorizers (SMs) had increased activity ________ where performance of the SMs was the same as performance of controls.

How did people memorize complex information throughout history?

Based on the work of Anders Ericsson and his group, design and defend from possible objections a training program for either a violin player of a soccer player.

In addition to maximizing the strengths and minimizing the weaknesses of long-term memory, mnemonics also work by ________.

One reason the method of loci works is the ________.

The method of loci can be used without any other mnemonic devices if the to-be-remembered material is easy to visualize but, when the material involves , a memorizer must employ a system that converts that can be placed in a memory palace.

The major system is rarely if ever used by present-day memory athletes. The PAO system is preferred because ________ and there is no awkward translation step.

Little and Bjork (2012) suggest that completing may benefit students more than .

What is the importance of feedback for enhancing the testing effect?

What are two methods to memorize digits?

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Filters

Exam 14: Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Why do mnemonics work?

What is a default mode network (DMN)?

According to the method of loci, backgrounds should themselves have ________.

The spacing effect is ________.

A memory palace is ________.

One reason the method of loci works is because people are extremely good at remembering ________.

According to Fitts and Posner, what are the three stages that individuals go through when developing a skill? Briefly describe each.

The method of loci is ________.

According to skilled memory theory by Chase and Ericsson (1981), exceptional memory can develop in any individual when three principles are followed. The principles proposed in their theory do not include ________.

Maguire et al. (2003) compared brain activity during the encoding of visual stimuli of digits, faces, or snowflakes. When they analyzed the fMRI data, they found that superior memorizers (SMs) had increased activity ________ where performance of the SMs was the same as performance of controls.

How did people memorize complex information throughout history?

Based on the work of Anders Ericsson and his group, design and defend from possible objections a training program for either a violin player of a soccer player.

In addition to maximizing the strengths and minimizing the weaknesses of long-term memory, mnemonics also work by ________.

One reason the method of loci works is the ________.

The method of loci can be used without any other mnemonic devices if the to-be-remembered material is easy to visualize but, when the material involves ________, a memorizer must employ a system that converts ________ that can be placed in a memory palace.

The major system is rarely if ever used by present-day memory athletes. The PAO system is preferred because ________ and there is no awkward translation step.

Little and Bjork (2012) suggest that completing ________ may benefit students more than ________.

What is the importance of feedback for enhancing the testing effect?

What are two methods to memorize digits?

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Filters

The method of loci can be used without any other mnemonic devices if the to-be-remembered material is easy to visualize but, when the material involves , a memorizer must employ a system that converts that can be placed in a memory palace.

Little and Bjork (2012) suggest that completing may benefit students more than .