Question 1

According to Tulving (1972), episodic memory does not include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a subjective sense of time 
B)  a connection to the self 
C)  a sense of knowing 
D)  the presence of autonoetic consciousness 
A)  a subjective sense of time 
B)  a connection to the self 
C)  a sense of knowing 
D)  the presence of autonoetic consciousness C

Question 2

What is episodic memory? What are its central features?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is a type of long-term memory comprised of memories of specific situations, experiences, or events. It is the retrieval of personally experienced events accompanied by the feeling of remembering. According to Tulving (1972), features of episodic memory include a subjective sense of time, a connection to the self, and the presence of autonoetic consciousness. Conway expanded on Tulving's ideas and defined a total of nine characteristics of episodic memory (2009): contains summary records of sensory-perceptual-conceptual-affective processing; retains patterns of activation/inhibition in the form of (visual) images; often represented the form of (visual) images; always has a perspective (field or observer); represents short time slices of experience; represented on a temporal dimension roughly in order of occurrence; subject to rapid forgetting; make autobiographical remembering specific; and are recollectively experienced when accessed

Question 3

"Contextual cues" are an integral part of episodic memories because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they can aid in the retrieval of information 
B)  they make the memory more interesting 
C)  they are a form of distraction from the correct remembering 
D)  they often block the retrieval of information 
A)  they can aid in the retrieval of information 
B)  they make the memory more interesting 
C)  they are a form of distraction from the correct remembering 
D)  they often block the retrieval of information A

Question 4

According to Wildschut et al. (2006), a characteristic that does not typify nostalgia is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the narratives include indicators of negative emotions with far greater frequency than indicators of positive emotions 
B)  people tend to place themselves in the centre of these nostalgic events and rarely report events where the self is an observer or bystander 
C)  people engaging in nostalgia typically remember people who are close to them and personally treasured life events 
D)  the narratives follow a predictable sequence in which negative feelings give way to positive outcomes 
A)  the narratives include indicators of negative emotions with far greater frequency than indicators of positive emotions 
B)  people tend to place themselves in the centre of these nostalgic events and rarely report events where the self is an observer or bystander 
C)  people engaging in nostalgia typically remember people who are close to them and personally treasured life events 
D)  the narratives follow a predictable sequence in which negative feelings give way to positive outcomes

Question 5

According to Martin Conway, how is autobiographical memory constructed and what are the two elements that comprise it?

Accepted Answer

According to Martin Conway, autobiograph

Question 6

According to Talarico and Rubin (2003), ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  people have an exaggerated belief in the accuracy of their flashbulb memories after long delays 
B)  flashbulb memories are immune to forgetting 
C)  flashbulb memories are consistent over time 
D)  there is a significant difference between flashbulb memories and everyday memories for their measure of recall consistency 
A)  people have an exaggerated belief in the accuracy of their flashbulb memories after long delays 
B)  flashbulb memories are immune to forgetting 
C)  flashbulb memories are consistent over time 
D)  there is a significant difference between flashbulb memories and everyday memories for their measure of recall consistency

Question 7

What are negative and positive memory bias?

Accepted Answer

Negative memory bias is the tendency to

Question 8

Conway's comprehensive model of flashbulb memory ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is inconsistent with experimental findings 
B)  implies that flashbulb memories occur when interest, impact, and emotion are all high 
C)  claims that flashbulb memories are more accurate than other episodic memories 
D)  implies that flashbulb memories are identical to other episodic memories 
A)  is inconsistent with experimental findings 
B)  implies that flashbulb memories occur when interest, impact, and emotion are all high 
C)  claims that flashbulb memories are more accurate than other episodic memories 
D)  implies that flashbulb memories are identical to other episodic memories

Question 9

The encoding of sequence and context by the hippocampus is essential to the creation of episodic memories because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  as a consequence, the individual can forget about irrelevant memories 
B)  the individual can distinguish among discrete experiences 
C)  sequence and context avoid confusion with generic memories 
D)  sequence and context are the basis for longer-lasting episodic memories 
A)  as a consequence, the individual can forget about irrelevant memories 
B)  the individual can distinguish among discrete experiences 
C)  sequence and context avoid confusion with generic memories 
D)  sequence and context are the basis for longer-lasting episodic memories

Question 10

________ is not a component of the autobiographical knowledge base, according to Conway (2005)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lifetime periods 
B)  The central executive 
C)  Event-specific knowledge 
D)  General events 
A)  Lifetime periods 
B)  The central executive 
C)  Event-specific knowledge 
D)  General events

Question 11

Weingartner et al. (1976) demonstrated that when people learn material when they are intoxicated and their recall for the material is tested later, they are ________ to recall the material ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unable; when they are intoxicated again 
B)  better; when they are intoxicated than when they are sober 
C)  better; when they are sober than when they are intoxicated 
D)  unable; under any condition 
A)  unable; when they are intoxicated again 
B)  better; when they are intoxicated than when they are sober 
C)  better; when they are sober than when they are intoxicated 
D)  unable; under any condition

Question 12

Autonoetic consciousness is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability for one to imagine oneself in past, future, or counterfactual situations 
B)  to be conscious of remembering 
C)  to be conscious of knowing 
D)  the ability to remember dreams 
A)  the ability for one to imagine oneself in past, future, or counterfactual situations 
B)  to be conscious of remembering 
C)  to be conscious of knowing 
D)  the ability to remember dreams

Question 13

Hyperthymesia is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a rare condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate episodic memory 
B)  a rare condition in which a person has systematically inaccurate episodic memory 
C)  a common condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate episodic memory 
D)  a rare condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate generic memory 
A)  a rare condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate episodic memory 
B)  a rare condition in which a person has systematically inaccurate episodic memory 
C)  a common condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate episodic memory 
D)  a rare condition in which a person has exceptionally accurate generic memory

Question 14

Episodic memories are formed in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the hippocampus 
B)  the thalamus 
C)  the neocortex 
D)  the prefrontal cortex 
A)  the hippocampus 
B)  the thalamus 
C)  the neocortex 
D)  the prefrontal cortex

Question 15

According to Conway (2005), the relationship between the autobiographical knowledge base and the working self is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  broken 
B)  reciprocal 
C)  one-way 
D)  ambiguous 
A)  broken 
B)  reciprocal 
C)  one-way 
D)  ambiguous

Question 16

A flashbulb memory is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an especially vivid memory but lacking emotional experience 
B)  an especially vivid memory that is invariably inaccurate 
C)  an especially vivid memory of a highly emotional experience 
D)  memory induced by a short, bright flash of light 
A)  an especially vivid memory but lacking emotional experience 
B)  an especially vivid memory that is invariably inaccurate 
C)  an especially vivid memory of a highly emotional experience 
D)  memory induced by a short, bright flash of light

Question 17

H.M. could not remember episodes that occurred just minutes before, and he was able to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gain new explicit memories through classical conditioning, the so-called back door effect 
B)  gain new implicit memories through classical conditioning 
C)  extinguish more efficiently memories obtained through classical conditioning 
D)  gain new explicit memories through priming 
A)  gain new explicit memories through classical conditioning, the so-called back door effect 
B)  gain new implicit memories through classical conditioning 
C)  extinguish more efficiently memories obtained through classical conditioning 
D)  gain new explicit memories through priming

Question 18

________ is a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperthymesia 
B)  Nostalgia 
C)  Déjà vu 
D)  Déjà vécu 
A)  Hyperthymesia 
B)  Nostalgia 
C)  Déjà vu 
D)  Déjà vécu

Question 19

The reminiscence bump tends to consist of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative life events 
B)  positive life events 
C)  unconscious memories 
D)  knowledge about events 
A)  negative life events 
B)  positive life events 
C)  unconscious memories 
D)  knowledge about events

Question 20

A person's autobiographical memory, and the significance that person ascribes to different life events, is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed and it is related to her or his self-concept, a belief in who she or he is 
B)  fixed and it is related to her or his genetic make-up 
C)  not fixed but it is opportunistic, i.e. dependent exclusively on the immediate practical rewards of each belief 
D)  not fixed but it is related to her or his self-concept, a belief in who she or he is 
A)  fixed and it is related to her or his self-concept, a belief in who she or he is 
B)  fixed and it is related to her or his genetic make-up 
C)  not fixed but it is opportunistic, i.e. dependent exclusively on the immediate practical rewards of each belief 
D)  not fixed but it is related to her or his self-concept, a belief in who she or he is

According to Tulving (1972), episodic memory does not include ________.

What is episodic memory? What are its central features?

"Contextual cues" are an integral part of episodic memories because ________.

According to Wildschut et al. (2006), a characteristic that does not typify nostalgia is ________.

According to Martin Conway, how is autobiographical memory constructed and what are the two elements that comprise it?

According to Talarico and Rubin (2003), ________.

What are negative and positive memory bias?

Conway's comprehensive model of flashbulb memory ________.

The encoding of sequence and context by the hippocampus is essential to the creation of episodic memories because ________.

________ is not a component of the autobiographical knowledge base, according to Conway (2005)?

Weingartner et al. (1976) demonstrated that when people learn material when they are intoxicated and their recall for the material is tested later, they are to recall the material .

Autonoetic consciousness is ________.

Hyperthymesia is ________.

Episodic memories are formed in ________.

According to Conway (2005), the relationship between the autobiographical knowledge base and the working self is ________.

A flashbulb memory is ________.

H.M. could not remember episodes that occurred just minutes before, and he was able to ________.

________ is a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past.

The reminiscence bump tends to consist of ________.

A person's autobiographical memory, and the significance that person ascribes to different life events, is ________.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Exam 6: Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

According to Tulving (1972), episodic memory does not include ________.

What is episodic memory? What are its central features?

"Contextual cues" are an integral part of episodic memories because ________.

According to Wildschut et al. (2006), a characteristic that does not typify nostalgia is ________.

According to Martin Conway, how is autobiographical memory constructed and what are the two elements that comprise it?

According to Talarico and Rubin (2003), ________.

What are negative and positive memory bias?

Conway's comprehensive model of flashbulb memory ________.

The encoding of sequence and context by the hippocampus is essential to the creation of episodic memories because ________.

________ is not a component of the autobiographical knowledge base, according to Conway (2005)?

Weingartner et al. (1976) demonstrated that when people learn material when they are intoxicated and their recall for the material is tested later, they are ________ to recall the material ________.

Autonoetic consciousness is ________.

Hyperthymesia is ________.

Episodic memories are formed in ________.

According to Conway (2005), the relationship between the autobiographical knowledge base and the working self is ________.

A flashbulb memory is ________.

H.M. could not remember episodes that occurred just minutes before, and he was able to ________.

________ is a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past.

The reminiscence bump tends to consist of ________.

A person's autobiographical memory, and the significance that person ascribes to different life events, is ________.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Weingartner et al. (1976) demonstrated that when people learn material when they are intoxicated and their recall for the material is tested later, they are to recall the material .