Question 1

What are the differences between the brain areas involved in short-term memory compared to working memory?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory (STM) differs from working memory in that material in STM is held without changing, while material in working memory is held while it is being manipulated. This distinction between STM and working memory is reflected in the brain areas involved in tasks associated with each; while STM tends to involve brain areas specific to the type of information being maintained, the brain areas involved in working memory are more diverse and are often similar across different types of tasks. This is because working memory involves both attention and the integration of material across modalities

Question 2

Malmo (1942) replicated Jacobsen's procedure but turned the lights off during the trials at some point. When the room went dark during the ________, the monkeys ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  training phase; were not able to identify the correct well 
B)  delay phase; were not able to identify the correct well 
C)  recall phase; were able to identify the correct well on about 85 per cent of trials 
D)  delay phase; were able to identify the correct well on about 85 per cent of trials 
A)  training phase; were not able to identify the correct well 
B)  delay phase; were not able to identify the correct well 
C)  recall phase; were able to identify the correct well on about 85 per cent of trials 
D)  delay phase; were able to identify the correct well on about 85 per cent of trials D

Question 3

In Broadbent's model, primary memory encompasses two subsystems: the S-system and the P-system. The S-system ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is pre-categorical 
B)  is post-categorical 
C)  consists of conscious thought 
D)  contains only visuo-spatial information 
A)  is pre-categorical 
B)  is post-categorical 
C)  consists of conscious thought 
D)  contains only visuo-spatial information A

Question 4

The visuospatial sketchpad is a ________ memory store that retains both visual and spatial information in an isomorphic representation.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term 
B)  long-term 
C)  natural 
D)  episodic 
A)  short-term 
B)  long-term 
C)  natural 
D)  episodic

Question 5

The Brown-Peterson paradigm, designed to determine the rate at which information decays from a short-term memory store, comprises three steps: ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a variable-length arithmetic task, a syllable presentation, syllable-recall task 
B)  syllable presentation, a variable-length arithmetic task, syllable-recall task 
C)  syllable presentation, a variable-length rest in darkness, syllable-recall task 
D)  a long-arithmetic task, a presentation os a list of syllable, syllable-recall task 
A)  a variable-length arithmetic task, a syllable presentation, syllable-recall task 
B)  syllable presentation, a variable-length arithmetic task, syllable-recall task 
C)  syllable presentation, a variable-length rest in darkness, syllable-recall task 
D)  a long-arithmetic task, a presentation os a list of syllable, syllable-recall task

Question 6

How did the case of H.M. influence early and current models of memory?

Accepted Answer

In 1957, William Scoville and Brenda Mil

Question 7

Atkinson and Shiffrin's dual-process model, includes ________ different types of memory stores.

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  five 
A)  three 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 8

The Stroop task involves naming the colour of ink a coloured word is written in. The Stroop task is difficult when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  performed in a room decorated with many colours 
B)  the ink colour and the word are incongruent 
C)  many objects of different colours were shown to the subject immediately before the test 
D)  the ink colour and the word presented immediately before are incongruent 
A)  performed in a room decorated with many colours 
B)  the ink colour and the word are incongruent 
C)  many objects of different colours were shown to the subject immediately before the test 
D)  the ink colour and the word presented immediately before are incongruent

Question 9

What did Jacobsen's experiments reveal about the brain and short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

In the 1930s, Carlyle Jacobsen conducted

Question 10

Smith et al. (1996) found that several areas in the right hemisphere were involved in the spatial memory task, including ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's area in the frontal lobe (BA 44 and BA 45) 
B)  17 of the occipital cortex 
C)  18 of the occipital cortex 
D)  area 19 of the occipital cortex 
A)  Broca's area in the frontal lobe (BA 44 and BA 45) 
B)  17 of the occipital cortex 
C)  18 of the occipital cortex 
D)  area 19 of the occipital cortex

Question 11

The critical difference between short-term memory and working memory is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory is available only in humans, while short-term memory also in other mammals 
B)  the content can be manipulated in working memory, while content is simply maintained in short-term memory 
C)  working memory is labile, while short-term memory is more robust 
D)  working memory becomes available only after extensive training, while short-term memory is always available 
A)  working memory is available only in humans, while short-term memory also in other mammals 
B)  the content can be manipulated in working memory, while content is simply maintained in short-term memory 
C)  working memory is labile, while short-term memory is more robust 
D)  working memory becomes available only after extensive training, while short-term memory is always available

Question 12

What evidence is there that material in Broadbent's (1958) P-Store is maintained in a speech-like code?

Accepted Answer

Material in Broadbent's (1958) P-store i

Question 13

One of the following memory tasks does not require working memory: ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  performing arithmetic calculations 
B)  re-ordering items into alphabetical order 
C)  considering which of several sentence options conveys an idea most effectively 
D)  short-term storage 
A)  performing arithmetic calculations 
B)  re-ordering items into alphabetical order 
C)  considering which of several sentence options conveys an idea most effectively 
D)  short-term storage

Question 14

To accommodate a finding contradicting his early model, such as one that people can hold sentences consisting of even more than 15 words in working memory, Baddeley (2000) proposed a revision of the multicomponent model that included a fourth component called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic buffer 
B)  visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  phonological loop 
D)  central executive 
A)  episodic buffer 
B)  visuospatial sketchpad 
C)  phonological loop 
D)  central executive

Question 15

What is working memory? Provide three examples of working memory.

Accepted Answer

Working memory is a cognitive resource t

Question 16

What is the modal model of memory and what does it reveal about memory?

Accepted Answer

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) suggest tha

Question 17

Material in Broadbent's P-store is maintained in a speech-like code, as shown by the observation that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term visuo-spatial memory was more limited than memory for words 
B)  recall of faces was poorer than recall of lists of words 
C)  recall of lists of items was poorer than recall of lists of words 
D)  memory for phonologically similar words was significantly worse than memory for phonologically different words, but that recall for semantically similar words was not different than recall for semantically different words 
A)  short-term visuo-spatial memory was more limited than memory for words 
B)  recall of faces was poorer than recall of lists of words 
C)  recall of lists of items was poorer than recall of lists of words 
D)  memory for phonologically similar words was significantly worse than memory for phonologically different words, but that recall for semantically similar words was not different than recall for semantically different words

Question 18

The central executive is a supervisory system that controls the flow of information into the various components of the working memory and is also required for tasks that require cognitive processes. These do not include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decision making 
B)  searching for novel solutions to problems 
C)  rehearsal of material 
D)  mathematical calculations 
A)  decision making 
B)  searching for novel solutions to problems 
C)  rehearsal of material 
D)  mathematical calculations

Question 19

The characteristics of the phonological loop were designed to account for four prominent experimental findings, including the word-length effect. This is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrement in recall for verbally presented words when the participant is given a concurrent task involving speech 
B)  a decrement in recall performance when words take longer to verbalize 
C)  the observation that long words are easier to recall because it is more likely that can be divided in easily recalled short ones 
D)  a decrement in recall performance when participants hear unrelated speech sounds when trying to learn a list of words 
A)  a decrement in recall for verbally presented words when the participant is given a concurrent task involving speech 
B)  a decrement in recall performance when words take longer to verbalize 
C)  the observation that long words are easier to recall because it is more likely that can be divided in easily recalled short ones 
D)  a decrement in recall performance when participants hear unrelated speech sounds when trying to learn a list of words

Question 20

What is Broadbent's model of memory? Draw a diagram of the model.

Accepted Answer

Broadbent's model is comprised of primar

What are the differences between the brain areas involved in short-term memory compared to working memory?

Malmo (1942) replicated Jacobsen's procedure but turned the lights off during the trials at some point. When the room went dark during the , the monkeys .

In Broadbent's model, primary memory encompasses two subsystems: the S-system and the P-system. The S-system ________.

The visuospatial sketchpad is a ________ memory store that retains both visual and spatial information in an isomorphic representation.

The Brown-Peterson paradigm, designed to determine the rate at which information decays from a short-term memory store, comprises three steps: ________.

How did the case of H.M. influence early and current models of memory?

Atkinson and Shiffrin's dual-process model, includes ________ different types of memory stores.

The Stroop task involves naming the colour of ink a coloured word is written in. The Stroop task is difficult when ________.

What did Jacobsen's experiments reveal about the brain and short-term memory?

Smith et al. (1996) found that several areas in the right hemisphere were involved in the spatial memory task, including ________.

The critical difference between short-term memory and working memory is ________.

What evidence is there that material in Broadbent's (1958) P-Store is maintained in a speech-like code?

One of the following memory tasks does not require working memory: ________.

To accommodate a finding contradicting his early model, such as one that people can hold sentences consisting of even more than 15 words in working memory, Baddeley (2000) proposed a revision of the multicomponent model that included a fourth component called the ________.

What is working memory? Provide three examples of working memory.

What is the modal model of memory and what does it reveal about memory?

Material in Broadbent's P-store is maintained in a speech-like code, as shown by the observation that ________.

The central executive is a supervisory system that controls the flow of information into the various components of the working memory and is also required for tasks that require cognitive processes. These do not include ________.

The characteristics of the phonological loop were designed to account for four prominent experimental findings, including the word-length effect. This is best described as ________.

What is Broadbent's model of memory? Draw a diagram of the model.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Exam 3: Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

What are the differences between the brain areas involved in short-term memory compared to working memory?

Malmo (1942) replicated Jacobsen's procedure but turned the lights off during the trials at some point. When the room went dark during the ________, the monkeys ________.

In Broadbent's model, primary memory encompasses two subsystems: the S-system and the P-system. The S-system ________.

The visuospatial sketchpad is a ________ memory store that retains both visual and spatial information in an isomorphic representation.

The Brown-Peterson paradigm, designed to determine the rate at which information decays from a short-term memory store, comprises three steps: ________.

How did the case of H.M. influence early and current models of memory?

Atkinson and Shiffrin's dual-process model, includes ________ different types of memory stores.

The Stroop task involves naming the colour of ink a coloured word is written in. The Stroop task is difficult when ________.

What did Jacobsen's experiments reveal about the brain and short-term memory?

Smith et al. (1996) found that several areas in the right hemisphere were involved in the spatial memory task, including ________.

The critical difference between short-term memory and working memory is ________.

What evidence is there that material in Broadbent's (1958) P-Store is maintained in a speech-like code?

One of the following memory tasks does not require working memory: ________.

To accommodate a finding contradicting his early model, such as one that people can hold sentences consisting of even more than 15 words in working memory, Baddeley (2000) proposed a revision of the multicomponent model that included a fourth component called the ________.

What is working memory? Provide three examples of working memory.

What is the modal model of memory and what does it reveal about memory?

Material in Broadbent's P-store is maintained in a speech-like code, as shown by the observation that ________.

The central executive is a supervisory system that controls the flow of information into the various components of the working memory and is also required for tasks that require cognitive processes. These do not include ________.

The characteristics of the phonological loop were designed to account for four prominent experimental findings, including the word-length effect. This is best described as ________.

What is Broadbent's model of memory? Draw a diagram of the model.

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Generic Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Malmo (1942) replicated Jacobsen's procedure but turned the lights off during the trials at some point. When the room went dark during the , the monkeys .