Question 1

Concepts ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  indicate what objects, events, and abstract ideas mean 
B)  are needed for object recognition, action planning, language, and thought 
C)  are fundamental to all cognitive tasks 
D)  all of the above 
A)  indicate what objects, events, and abstract ideas mean 
B)  are needed for object recognition, action planning, language, and thought 
C)  are fundamental to all cognitive tasks 
D)  all of the above D

Question 2

What are the main problems with the hierarchical-network model of generic memory?

Accepted Answer

First, the hierarchical model predicts that participants would need to consult the entire hierarchy before establishing a property was absent, but it does not really explain how participants are able to respond to a sentence as false. Second, the hierarchical model predicts that sentence verification will be related to a concept's hierarchy; however, Carol Conrad found that frequency of a property, not its level on the hierarchy, predicted verification times. Third, the hierarchical model also predicts that the further a person has to "move" through a hierarchy, the slower she or he will be, but Lance Rips, Edward Shoben, and Frederick Smith demonstrated that participants are faster to verify "A pig is an animal" than "A pig is a mammal," even though a strictly hierarchical model would predict the opposite (as "mammal" is a subset of "animal"). Finally, Michael Posner and Steve Keele showed that typical members of a category are recognized more quickly than atypical category members, a phenomenon known as the typicality effect. For example, "A robin is a bird" is recognized more quickly than "An ostrich is a bird." The typicality effect is problematic for the hierarchical model because robin and ostrich are on the same level in the hierarchy and therefore should be confirmed as members of the bird category in the same amount of time

Question 3

Synesthesia ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 	occurs when a stimulus triggers an enhanced perceptual experience 
B) 	is an acquired, very unique deficit in generic memory, e.g., being unable to name an object 
C) 	is an innate failure in generic memory, e.g., being unable to name an object 
D) 	occurs when a stimulus triggers a perceptual experience that isn’t actually associated with the stimulus 
A) 	occurs when a stimulus triggers an enhanced perceptual experience 
B) 	is an acquired, very unique deficit in generic memory, e.g., being unable to name an object 
C) 	is an innate failure in generic memory, e.g., being unable to name an object 
D) 	occurs when a stimulus triggers a perceptual experience that isn’t actually associated with the stimulus D

Question 4

Why do we categorize objects?

Accepted Answer

People have an innate ability to categor

Question 5

What empirical evidence supports the notion that generic memory is distinct from episodic memory?

Accepted Answer

Empirical evidence supports the notion t

Question 6

Patients with damage to ________ have difficulty with the sequence of scripts.

Accepted Answer

A)  the prefrontal cortex 
B)  the anterior temporal lobe 
C)  the neocortex 
D)  the medial thalamus 
A)  the prefrontal cortex 
B)  the anterior temporal lobe 
C)  the neocortex 
D)  the medial thalamus

Question 7

When a person incurs damage to one of the sensory or motor areas, he or she develops ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  simultaneous anterograde and retrograde amnesia 
B)  sensory and/or motor deficits will invariably prevent testing the memory of concepts 
C)  problems that revolve around losing access to conceptual knowledge in general 
D)  problems that revolve around that type of sensory or motor information 
A)  simultaneous anterograde and retrograde amnesia 
B)  sensory and/or motor deficits will invariably prevent testing the memory of concepts 
C)  problems that revolve around losing access to conceptual knowledge in general 
D)  problems that revolve around that type of sensory or motor information

Question 8

The hierarchical model of generic memory makes predictions about how long it will take for a person to verify different types of sentences using ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a paired-comparison task 
B)  associative priming 
C)  contextual cues 
D)  a sentence-verification task 
A)  a paired-comparison task 
B)  associative priming 
C)  contextual cues 
D)  a sentence-verification task

Question 9

A concept is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a word 
B)  an abstraction 
C)  an object 
D)  a verbal entity 
A)  a word 
B)  an abstraction 
C)  an object 
D)  a verbal entity

Question 10

Using their hierarchical model of generic memory, Collins and Quillian (1969) found that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  when the participants had to traverse fewer levels in the hierarchy, they were slower to verify that a sentence was true 
B)  when the participants had to traverse more levels in the hierarchy, they were slower to verify that a sentence was true 
C)  the only determinant of the speed of response was the length of the sentence used 
D)  the only determinant of the speed of response was the IQ of the participant 
A)  when the participants had to traverse fewer levels in the hierarchy, they were slower to verify that a sentence was true 
B)  when the participants had to traverse more levels in the hierarchy, they were slower to verify that a sentence was true 
C)  the only determinant of the speed of response was the length of the sentence used 
D)  the only determinant of the speed of response was the IQ of the participant

Question 11

The current view on the mechanism of synesthesia is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it is triggered very early in processing, when incoming information is perceptual but still lacks meaning 
B)  it occurs late in processing, after the concept is activated-further, what synesthetes experience is the concept of the added feature, not the sensation of it 
C)  it is closely related to optical illusions and it is a learned process 
D)  it is closely related to dreams and it is essential for consolidation of learning 
A)  it is triggered very early in processing, when incoming information is perceptual but still lacks meaning 
B)  it occurs late in processing, after the concept is activated-further, what synesthetes experience is the concept of the added feature, not the sensation of it 
C)  it is closely related to optical illusions and it is a learned process 
D)  it is closely related to dreams and it is essential for consolidation of learning

Question 12

What is associative priming? How is it accounted for by the spreading-activation model of generic memory?

Accepted Answer

Spreading activation models were also de

Question 13

Recent neuroimaging studies have found that sensory and motor areas are ________ when participants are processing abstract concepts, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  inactive; suggesting that abstract concepts are in not linked to concrete sensory and motor representations 
B)  active; suggesting that abstract concepts are in fact linked to concrete sensory and motor representations 
C)  active; but only for novel concepts 
D)  active; but only during sleep 
A)  inactive; suggesting that abstract concepts are in not linked to concrete sensory and motor representations 
B)  active; suggesting that abstract concepts are in fact linked to concrete sensory and motor representations 
C)  active; but only for novel concepts 
D)  active; but only during sleep

Question 14

According to the hub-and-spoke model, six types of modality-specific representations (or spokes) all meet at a central hub in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior thalamus 
B)  corpus callosum 
C)  anterior temporal lobe 
D)  inferior parietal lobule 
A)  anterior thalamus 
B)  corpus callosum 
C)  anterior temporal lobe 
D)  inferior parietal lobule

Question 15

There is ________ evidence supporting the notion that concept categories are innate; ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  substantial; in fact, conceptual features are largely innate since they were refined through evolution 
B)  very little; instead, evidence suggests that conceptual features are modality specific and coded from direct perceptual and action-based experiences 
C)  very little; instead, evidence suggests that conceptual features are modality-independent and acquired through procedural learning 
D)  substantial; in fact, conceptual features are largely innate and hardwired in the basic synaptic network 
A)  substantial; in fact, conceptual features are largely innate since they were refined through evolution 
B)  very little; instead, evidence suggests that conceptual features are modality specific and coded from direct perceptual and action-based experiences 
C)  very little; instead, evidence suggests that conceptual features are modality-independent and acquired through procedural learning 
D)  substantial; in fact, conceptual features are largely innate and hardwired in the basic synaptic network

Question 16

People who acquire retrograde amnesia due to damage to the medial temporal lobe exhibit loss of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  generic memories going back several years, but only exhibit loss of episodic memories acquired shortly before the onset of amnesia 
B)  episodic memories going back several years, but only exhibit loss of generic memories acquired shortly before the onset of amnesia 
C)  both episodic and generic memories going back several years 
D)  both episodic and generic memories acquired shortly before the onset of amnesia 
A)  generic memories going back several years, but only exhibit loss of episodic memories acquired shortly before the onset of amnesia 
B)  episodic memories going back several years, but only exhibit loss of generic memories acquired shortly before the onset of amnesia 
C)  both episodic and generic memories going back several years 
D)  both episodic and generic memories acquired shortly before the onset of amnesia

Question 17

The compound-cue model suggests that generic memories are accessed when there is a match between cues in short-term memory and items in generic memory. ________ are not critical to the model.

Accepted Answer

A)  Context cues 
B)  Inter-item cues 
C)  Cultural cues 
D)  Self-self cues 
A)  Context cues 
B)  Inter-item cues 
C)  Cultural cues 
D)  Self-self cues

Question 18

What are schemas and scripts? What do they do?

Accepted Answer

Schemas are cognitive frameworks that he

Question 19

The hierarchical-network model, the spreading-activation model, and the compound-cue model are all based on behavioural data. Briefly outline each of the three behavioural models. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Why is one model now preferred over the others?

Accepted Answer

The hierarchical-network model, the spre

Question 20

What is the hub-and-spoke model of generic memory and what are the six spokes?

Accepted Answer

The hub-and-spoke model of generic memor

Concepts ________.

What are the main problems with the hierarchical-network model of generic memory?

Synesthesia ________.

Why do we categorize objects?

What empirical evidence supports the notion that generic memory is distinct from episodic memory?

Patients with damage to ________ have difficulty with the sequence of scripts.

When a person incurs damage to one of the sensory or motor areas, he or she develops ________.

The hierarchical model of generic memory makes predictions about how long it will take for a person to verify different types of sentences using ________.

A concept is ________.

Using their hierarchical model of generic memory, Collins and Quillian (1969) found that ________.

The current view on the mechanism of synesthesia is that ________.

What is associative priming? How is it accounted for by the spreading-activation model of generic memory?

Recent neuroimaging studies have found that sensory and motor areas are when participants are processing abstract concepts, .

According to the hub-and-spoke model, six types of modality-specific representations (or spokes) all meet at a central hub in the ________.

There is evidence supporting the notion that concept categories are innate; .

People who acquire retrograde amnesia due to damage to the medial temporal lobe exhibit loss of ________.

The compound-cue model suggests that generic memories are accessed when there is a match between cues in short-term memory and items in generic memory. ________ are not critical to the model.

What are schemas and scripts? What do they do?

The hierarchical-network model, the spreading-activation model, and the compound-cue model are all based on behavioural data. Briefly outline each of the three behavioural models. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Why is one model now preferred over the others?

What is the hub-and-spoke model of generic memory and what are the six spokes?

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Exam 7: Generic Memory

Concepts ________.

What are the main problems with the hierarchical-network model of generic memory?

Synesthesia ________.

Why do we categorize objects?

What empirical evidence supports the notion that generic memory is distinct from episodic memory?

Patients with damage to ________ have difficulty with the sequence of scripts.

When a person incurs damage to one of the sensory or motor areas, he or she develops ________.

The hierarchical model of generic memory makes predictions about how long it will take for a person to verify different types of sentences using ________.

A concept is ________.

Using their hierarchical model of generic memory, Collins and Quillian (1969) found that ________.

The current view on the mechanism of synesthesia is that ________.

What is associative priming? How is it accounted for by the spreading-activation model of generic memory?

Recent neuroimaging studies have found that sensory and motor areas are ________ when participants are processing abstract concepts, ________.

According to the hub-and-spoke model, six types of modality-specific representations (or spokes) all meet at a central hub in the ________.

There is ________ evidence supporting the notion that concept categories are innate; ________.

People who acquire retrograde amnesia due to damage to the medial temporal lobe exhibit loss of ________.

The compound-cue model suggests that generic memories are accessed when there is a match between cues in short-term memory and items in generic memory. ________ are not critical to the model.

What are schemas and scripts? What do they do?

The hierarchical-network model, the spreading-activation model, and the compound-cue model are all based on behavioural data. Briefly outline each of the three behavioural models. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? Why is one model now preferred over the others?

What is the hub-and-spoke model of generic memory and what are the six spokes?

The Study of Memory

Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence

Short-Term Memory and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory

Explicit and Implicit Memory

Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory

Forgetting

Memory Across the Lifespan

Memory and Our Social Selves

Memory and the Law

Memory and the Marketplace

Memory, the Body, and Health

Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise

Filters

Recent neuroimaging studies have found that sensory and motor areas are when participants are processing abstract concepts, .

There is evidence supporting the notion that concept categories are innate; .