Question 1

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the structure of the atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nucleus is composed of equal numbers of positively charged particles and negatively charged particles. 
B)  All electrons are located at the same distance from the nucleus. 
C)  In small elements, such as carbon, electrons have a positive charge; in larger elements, such as barium, electrons have a negative charge. 
D)  Most of the mass of an atom is due to its protons and neutrons. 
E)  Neutrons carry a negative charge. 
A)  The nucleus is composed of equal numbers of positively charged particles and negatively charged particles. 
B)  All electrons are located at the same distance from the nucleus. 
C)  In small elements, such as carbon, electrons have a positive charge; in larger elements, such as barium, electrons have a negative charge. 
D)  Most of the mass of an atom is due to its protons and neutrons. 
E)  Neutrons carry a negative charge. D

Question 2

All things on Earth are made up of ________, which is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space.

Accepted Answer

matter

Question 3

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has ________ electrons and ________ neutrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  17, 18 
B)  18, 17 
C)  17, 35 
D)  35, 17 
E)  18, 18 
A)  17, 18 
B)  18, 17 
C)  17, 35 
D)  35, 17 
E)  18, 18 A

Question 4

A substance that helps to maintain a stable pH is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A substance that helps to maintain a...

Question 5

Each of the following statements about carbon is TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  All organic molecules contain carbon. 
B)  Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds. 
C)  Carbon atoms form diverse molecules that may be linear, branched, or circular. 
D)  Carbon can form strong hydrogen bonds with other elements. 
E)  Carbon can form bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, as well as another carbon atom. 
A)  All organic molecules contain carbon. 
B)  Carbon atoms form four covalent bonds. 
C)  Carbon atoms form diverse molecules that may be linear, branched, or circular. 
D)  Carbon can form strong hydrogen bonds with other elements. 
E)  Carbon can form bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, as well as another carbon atom.

Question 6

In order for a cell to produce a fat, it must have one molecule of ________ and three ________.

Accepted Answer

glycerol,

Question 7

Large organic molecules that are composed of thousands of smaller molecules bonded to one another are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large organic molecules that are composed of...

Question 8

Which one of the following occurs when a phosphate is removed from an ATP molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy is added to the ATP molecule to form ADP. 
B)  Oxygen produced in the reaction causes the molecule to explode. 
C)  Energy is released for cell work. 
D)  Chemical reactions stop in a cell due to lack of an energy source. 
E)  Fat is converted to protein. 
A)  Energy is added to the ATP molecule to form ADP. 
B)  Oxygen produced in the reaction causes the molecule to explode. 
C)  Energy is released for cell work. 
D)  Chemical reactions stop in a cell due to lack of an energy source. 
E)  Fat is converted to protein.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements accurately describes hydrolysis reactions in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrolysis reactions enable the breakdown of food molecules during digestion. 
B)  Hydrolysis reactions enable small molecules to be joined to form larger molecules. 
C)  Hydrolysis reactions generally require substantial input of energy. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions are spontaneous and don't require catalysis by enzymes. 
E)  Hydrolysis reactions generally occur for the purpose of energy storage. 
A)  Hydrolysis reactions enable the breakdown of food molecules during digestion. 
B)  Hydrolysis reactions enable small molecules to be joined to form larger molecules. 
C)  Hydrolysis reactions generally require substantial input of energy. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions are spontaneous and don't require catalysis by enzymes. 
E)  Hydrolysis reactions generally occur for the purpose of energy storage.

Question 10

________ bonds hold the hydrogens to the oxygen within a water molecule, and ________ bonds attract one water molecule to other water molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ionic, hydrogen 
B)  Hydrogen, ionic 
C)  Hydrogen, covalent 
D)  Covalent, hydrogen 
E)  Ionic, covalent 
A)  Ionic, hydrogen 
B)  Hydrogen, ionic 
C)  Hydrogen, covalent 
D)  Covalent, hydrogen 
E)  Ionic, covalent

Question 11

Use the letters from the figure below to answer the following questions.
  
-Isotopes of this element would differ in the number of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the letters from the figure below...

Question 12

The universal energy source for cells is a nucleotide known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The universal energy source for cells is...

Question 13

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are three different DNA nucleotides. 
B)  DNA nucleotides are assembled into RNA by the process of dehydration synthesis. 
C)  DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose; RNA nucleotides contain sucrose. 
D)  Nucleotides are bonded together by covalent bonds between the sugars and the phosphates. 
E)  A DNA nucleotide could be made up of ribose, a phosphate, and cytosine. 
A)  There are three different DNA nucleotides. 
B)  DNA nucleotides are assembled into RNA by the process of dehydration synthesis. 
C)  DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose; RNA nucleotides contain sucrose. 
D)  Nucleotides are bonded together by covalent bonds between the sugars and the phosphates. 
E)  A DNA nucleotide could be made up of ribose, a phosphate, and cytosine.

Question 14

The normal pH of human blood falls within a range that is near a(n) ________ pH.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The normal pH of human blood falls...

Question 15

Which one of the following is an oligosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  DNA 
C)  maltose 
D)  starch 
E)  ribose 
A)  glucose 
B)  DNA 
C)  maltose 
D)  starch 
E)  ribose

Question 16

If the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons in the atom, the atom is an ion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Each amino acid is composed of a central carbon that forms covalent bonds with four other atoms/molecules. These atoms/molecules include each of the following EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  an R group 
B)  an A group 
C)  an amino group 
D)  a hydrogen atom 
E)  a carboxyl group 
A)  an R group 
B)  an A group 
C)  an amino group 
D)  a hydrogen atom 
E)  a carboxyl group

Question 18

A mad scientist has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located in the nucleus of the atom. Which one of the following has he collected?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons 
B)  protons 
C)  protons and neutrons 
D)  electrons and protons 
E)  neutrons and electrons 
A)  electrons 
B)  protons 
C)  protons and neutrons 
D)  electrons and protons 
E)  neutrons and electrons

Question 19

Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the relationship between an atom and an element?

Accepted Answer

A)  An element is the fundamental unit of an atom. 
B)  An element is composed of atoms that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds. 
C)  An atom is composed of different elements that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds. 
D)  An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element. 
A)  An element is the fundamental unit of an atom. 
B)  An element is composed of atoms that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds. 
C)  An atom is composed of different elements that are joined together by ionic and covalent bonds. 
D)  An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element.

Question 20

Which one of the following is a function of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  stores genetic material and enables its transmission to the next generation 
B)  acts as a catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions 
C)  is a major subunit of cellulose 
D)  is a primary structural component of a cell membrane 
E)  provides energy for a muscle contraction 
A)  stores genetic material and enables its transmission to the next generation 
B)  acts as a catalyst, speeding up chemical reactions 
C)  is a major subunit of cellulose 
D)  is a primary structural component of a cell membrane 
E)  provides energy for a muscle contraction

Exam 2: The Chemistry of Living Things

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the structure of the atom?

All things on Earth are made up of ________, which is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space.

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has ________ electrons and ________ neutrons.

A substance that helps to maintain a stable pH is a(n) ________.

Each of the following statements about carbon is TRUE EXCEPT which one?

In order for a cell to produce a fat, it must have one molecule of ________ and three ________.

Large organic molecules that are composed of thousands of smaller molecules bonded to one another are known as ________.

Which one of the following occurs when a phosphate is removed from an ATP molecule?

Which one of the following statements accurately describes hydrolysis reactions in biological systems?

________ bonds hold the hydrogens to the oxygen within a water molecule, and ________ bonds attract one water molecule to other water molecules.

Use the letters from the figure below to answer the following questions. -Isotopes of this element would differ in the number of ________.

The universal energy source for cells is a nucleotide known as ________.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding nucleotides?

The normal pH of human blood falls within a range that is near a(n) ________ pH.

Which one of the following is an oligosaccharide?

If the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons in the atom, the atom is an ion.

Each amino acid is composed of a central carbon that forms covalent bonds with four other atoms/molecules. These atoms/molecules include each of the following EXCEPT which one?

A mad scientist has ripped apart an atom and collected all the subatomic particles located in the nucleus of the atom. Which one of the following has he collected?

Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY describes the relationship between an atom and an element?

Which one of the following is a function of a protein?

Human Biology, Science, and Society

Structure and Function of Cells

From Cells to Organ Systems

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

Blood

Heart and Blood Vessels

The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense

The Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases

The Nervous System: Integration and Control

Sensory Mechanisms

The Endocrine System

The Digestive System and Nutrition

The Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Cell Reproduction and Differentiation

Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation

Genetics and Inheritance

DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering

Development and Aging

Evolution and the Origins of Life

Ecosystems and Populations

Human Impacts, Biodiversity, and Environmental Issues

Filters

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has electrons and neutrons.

In order for a cell to produce a fat, it must have one molecule of and three .

bonds hold the hydrogens to the oxygen within a water molecule, and bonds attract one water molecule to other water molecules.