Question 1

Which one of the following is the most efficient long-term source of ATP for muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  creatine phosphate 
B)  ready-made ATP in the cell 
C)  aerobic respiration of glucose 
D)  fermentation of glucose 
E)  aerobic respiration of proteins 
A)  creatine phosphate 
B)  ready-made ATP in the cell 
C)  aerobic respiration of glucose 
D)  fermentation of glucose 
E)  aerobic respiration of proteins C

Question 2

An individual with the condition of myasthenia gravis is faced with an autoimmune disorder in which the body defenses attack acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells. What would be the expected effect on calcium levels near contractile proteins, following the arrival of an electrical impulse at those neuromuscular junctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rapid decrease in concentration due to uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  a rapid increase in concentration due to release by sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  small or no increases in concentration due to weak responses by acetylcholine receptors 
D)  a large decrease in concentration that occurs slowly 
E)  a large increase in concentration that occurs slowly 
A)  a rapid decrease in concentration due to uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum 
B)  a rapid increase in concentration due to release by sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C)  small or no increases in concentration due to weak responses by acetylcholine receptors 
D)  a large decrease in concentration that occurs slowly 
E)  a large increase in concentration that occurs slowly C

Question 3

The swinging of a tennis racket is a brief, high-intensity activity that requires the contraction of ________ fibers.

Accepted Answer

fast-twitch

Question 4

In order for fast-twitch muscle fibers to produce ATP, a phosphate from the high-energy molecule ________ is transferred to ADP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order for fast-twitch muscle fibers to...

Question 5

Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the fascia within the sole of the foot, resulting in foot and heel pain. What is a fascia?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bundle of muscle cells that are enclosed in a connective tissue sheath 
B)  a bundle of protein filaments (thick and thin) located within muscle cells 
C)  the fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds the fascicles of the muscle 
D)  a connective tissue structure that attaches one muscle to another muscle 
E)  the area where the actin and myosin filaments overlap within a muscle cell 
A)  a bundle of muscle cells that are enclosed in a connective tissue sheath 
B)  a bundle of protein filaments (thick and thin) located within muscle cells 
C)  the fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds the fascicles of the muscle 
D)  a connective tissue structure that attaches one muscle to another muscle 
E)  the area where the actin and myosin filaments overlap within a muscle cell

Question 6

All of the following occur during the latent period of muscle contraction EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myofibrils shorten. 
B)  Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  Muscle cell membrane initiates an electrical impulse, which travels into the muscle cell. 
D)  Myosin heads bind to actin filaments. 
E)  Troponin-tropomyosin complex shifts, exposing myosin heads. 
A)  Myofibrils shorten. 
B)  Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  Muscle cell membrane initiates an electrical impulse, which travels into the muscle cell. 
D)  Myosin heads bind to actin filaments. 
E)  Troponin-tropomyosin complex shifts, exposing myosin heads.

Question 7

The most common reason for muscle fatigue is the lack of enough ________ to meet the metabolic demands placed on the muscle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common reason for muscle fatigue...

Question 8

Which one of the following is characteristic of an isotonic muscle contraction but not an isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  generates a force 
B)  moves an object or part of the skeleton 
C)  helps an individual maintain an upright position 
D)  requires energy 
E)  helps an individual maintain posture 
A)  generates a force 
B)  moves an object or part of the skeleton 
C)  helps an individual maintain an upright position 
D)  requires energy 
E)  helps an individual maintain posture

Question 9

The region where a skeletal muscle cell and a motor neuron come into close proximity to one another is the ________.

Accepted Answer

neuromuscu

Question 10

T, or transverse, tubes in skeletal muscle function to

Accepted Answer

A)  transport calcium ions throughout muscle cells 
B)  allow actin and myosin filaments to slide over each other 
C)  promote the rapid penetration of the electrical impulse deep into the cell 
D)  help decrease the amount of ATP produced 
E)  convert glucose to lactic acid, which helps muscles relax 
A)  transport calcium ions throughout muscle cells 
B)  allow actin and myosin filaments to slide over each other 
C)  promote the rapid penetration of the electrical impulse deep into the cell 
D)  help decrease the amount of ATP produced 
E)  convert glucose to lactic acid, which helps muscles relax

Question 11

A myogram is a recording of

Accepted Answer

A)  the electrical activity of muscle cells 
B)  the electrical activity of nerves at neuromuscular junctions 
C)  the activity of muscle cells 
D)  blood pressure changes resulting from muscle contraction 
E)  the movement of myosin filaments 
A)  the electrical activity of muscle cells 
B)  the electrical activity of nerves at neuromuscular junctions 
C)  the activity of muscle cells 
D)  blood pressure changes resulting from muscle contraction 
E)  the movement of myosin filaments

Question 12

Which one of the following statements correctly describes the origin and insertion of a muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The insertion is pulled toward the origin during contraction. 
B)  The origin is pulled toward the insertion during contraction. 
C)  The origin of a muscle is generally distal (farther from the body's midline) relative to the insertion. 
D)  The origin and insertion refers to the growth pattern of a muscle during development. 
E)  There is always a ligament at the origin of a muscle and a tendon at the insertion. 
A)  The insertion is pulled toward the origin during contraction. 
B)  The origin is pulled toward the insertion during contraction. 
C)  The origin of a muscle is generally distal (farther from the body's midline) relative to the insertion. 
D)  The origin and insertion refers to the growth pattern of a muscle during development. 
E)  There is always a ligament at the origin of a muscle and a tendon at the insertion.

Question 13

The "all-or-none principle" states that in a given muscle, all of the cells are contracting simultaneously or none of them is contracting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which one of the following statements correctly describes activities of muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  All muscles produce movement. 
B)  All muscles shorten when they contract. 
C)  All muscles are under conscious control. 
D)  All muscles are attached to bones. 
E)  All muscles are synergistic. 
A)  All muscles produce movement. 
B)  All muscles shorten when they contract. 
C)  All muscles are under conscious control. 
D)  All muscles are attached to bones. 
E)  All muscles are synergistic.

Question 15

Activities associated with aerobic training result in an increase in the amount of ________ in the body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Activities associated with aerobic training result in...

Question 16

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the structure of a muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The outer surface of a muscle is enclosed by many layers of epidermis. 
B)  All muscle cells in a muscle have the same origin and insertion. 
C)  Fascicles of a muscle are surrounded by a thin sheath of hyaline cartilage. 
D)  Connective tissues associated with the muscle converge to form a ligament at each end of the muscle. 
E)  Each fascicle consists of two muscle cells. 
A)  The outer surface of a muscle is enclosed by many layers of epidermis. 
B)  All muscle cells in a muscle have the same origin and insertion. 
C)  Fascicles of a muscle are surrounded by a thin sheath of hyaline cartilage. 
D)  Connective tissues associated with the muscle converge to form a ligament at each end of the muscle. 
E)  Each fascicle consists of two muscle cells.

Question 17

Tetanus results from a state of maximum muscle relaxation, which is necessary to allow the muscle to rest before the next contraction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: Sarcomere lengthens as calcium is returned to sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the troponin-tropomyosin complex attaches to myosin binding sites on actin.
time between the stimulation of a muscle and the beginning of a muscle contraction
complete cycle of contraction and relaxation
decline in muscle activity as ATP levels decrease
increases muscle force by activating more motor units
contain gap junctions that permit rapid electrical stimulation of muscle cells
aerobically break down fatty acids and glucose
anaerobically break down creatine phosphate
Actin filaments slide over myosin filaments, and the sarcomere shortens.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of contraction and twitch and latent period and is...

Question 19

Which one of the following is characteristic of cardiac and smooth muscle, but not skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  voluntary contraction 
B)  striated appearance 
C)  presence of gap junctions 
D)  presence of actin and myosin in muscle cells 
E)  contraction is initiated by motor neurons 
A)  voluntary contraction 
B)  striated appearance 
C)  presence of gap junctions 
D)  presence of actin and myosin in muscle cells 
E)  contraction is initiated by motor neurons

Question 20

Once a muscle cell has depleted its small supply of ready-made ATP, what will it use next for energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  fats 
B)  phospholipids 
C)  proteins 
D)  creatine phosphate 
E)  glycogen 
A)  fats 
B)  phospholipids 
C)  proteins 
D)  creatine phosphate 
E)  glycogen

Exam 6: The Muscular System

Which one of the following is the most efficient long-term source of ATP for muscle cells?

The swinging of a tennis racket is a brief, high-intensity activity that requires the contraction of ________ fibers.

In order for fast-twitch muscle fibers to produce ATP, a phosphate from the high-energy molecule ________ is transferred to ADP.

Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the fascia within the sole of the foot, resulting in foot and heel pain. What is a fascia?

All of the following occur during the latent period of muscle contraction EXCEPT which one?

The most common reason for muscle fatigue is the lack of enough ________ to meet the metabolic demands placed on the muscle.

Which one of the following is characteristic of an isotonic muscle contraction but not an isometric muscle contraction?

The region where a skeletal muscle cell and a motor neuron come into close proximity to one another is the ________.

T, or transverse, tubes in skeletal muscle function to

A myogram is a recording of

Which one of the following statements correctly describes the origin and insertion of a muscle?

The "all-or-none principle" states that in a given muscle, all of the cells are contracting simultaneously or none of them is contracting.

Which one of the following statements correctly describes activities of muscles?

Activities associated with aerobic training result in an increase in the amount of ________ in the body.

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding the structure of a muscle?

Tetanus results from a state of maximum muscle relaxation, which is necessary to allow the muscle to rest before the next contraction.

Which one of the following is characteristic of cardiac and smooth muscle, but not skeletal muscle?

Once a muscle cell has depleted its small supply of ready-made ATP, what will it use next for energy?

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Structure and Function of Cells

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The Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases

The Nervous System: Integration and Control

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Cell Reproduction and Differentiation

Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division and Differentiation

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