Exam 3: Structure and Function of Cells

There are different types of microscopes that can be used to provide information about cells. Which type of microscope is used for the observation of living cells?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are able to pass through the plasma membrane of a cell because

Muscle cells store energy in the form of ________ until it is used for the production of ATP.

The only way that cells can produce ATP in the absence of oxygen is through the process of ________.

Peptides and small proteins are generally too large to be transported into cells using transport proteins or moving through pores. The macromolecules are brought into the cell using

The primary function of the ________ is to achieve a balance in ion and osmotic concentrations on both sides of the plasma membrane.

The genetic material of a prokaryotic cell is stored in a small nucleus located adjacent to the plasma membrane.

Cellular respiration is a multipathway process that converts an organic substrate into cellular energy. The majority of energy in the form of ATP is not synthesized until electrons are transferred by ________ and ________ to the electron transport pathway.

The products of the endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi apparatus by

Most eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound ________ that contains the genetic material.

During cell division, it is essential that the genetic material be distributed equally to the resulting cells. This is accomplished through the participation of which one of the following organelles?

A researcher is studying a newly discovered toxin. The effect of this toxin is to block the action of the sodium-potassium pump. What prediction can be made about the effect of this toxin on cell volume?

Chemical reactions that take place in living organisms are collectively known as the organism's ________.

Over the course of evolutionary time, animal body sizes have gotten larger, yet cell sizes have not. Cells have stayed proportionally the same size to remain efficient, because

When fats are broken down and used as an energy source, the fatty acids are converted to ________, which then enters the citric acid cycle.

Gated channels are especially important in regulating the transport of ________ across a plasma membrane.

When a runner or other long-distance athlete hits the "wall," the individual is experiencing oxygen debt in muscle cells. In those cells, the pyruvate generated in glycolysis would be expected to be converted to

Assume that you ate a salad that contained some compounds that upset your stomach but still managed to be absorbed and eventually moved into liver cells. The plant compounds are noxious and potentially toxic to the liver cells. Which organelle would be expected to target and detoxify the plant compounds?

Plasma membrane proteins that can receive and transmit information across the membrane are known as ________ proteins.

The plasma membrane is constructed in layers, with the protein layer innermost, the cholesterol layer in the middle, and the phospholipid layer outermost.