Exam 3: Socialization.

From a __________ perspective, individual conformity to existing norms is Not taken for granted; rather basic individual needs and desires must be balanced against the needs of the social structure.

According to Sigmund Freud, the id remains with us throughout life in the form of

The "me" is the __________ element of the self, which is composed of the internalized attitudes and demands of other members of society and the individual's awareness of those demands.

The process by which individuals are stripped of their former selves is called a

According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, in the __________ level, people are most concerned with how they are perceived by their peers and on how one conforms to rules.

A business firm holds an annual dinner for all retiring employees. This dinner would be considered a __________.

Psychologist Jean Piaget was a pioneer in the field of __________, which relates to changes over time in how people think.

In a series of laboratory experiments, psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow attempted to __________.

__________ is the systematic study of how biology affects social behavior and asserts that nature, in the form of our genetic makeup, is a major factor in shaping human behavior.

Generally, studies have found that quality day-care and preschool programs have little effect on the overall socialization of children.

Describe sociologist George Herbert Mead's concept of the significant others and generalized other and explain socialization as an interactive process.

Sociologist Kingsley Davis was interested in the case of Anna, a child who was kept in an attic?like room in her grandfather's house, because __________.

Describe Charles Horton Cooley's looking-glass self. Of the major sociological perspectives, which would this be? Why?

The basic assumption in psychologist __________ psychoanalytic approach is that human behavior and personality originate from unconscious forces within individuals.

Psychologist Jean Piaget showed children two identical glasses filled with the same amount of water. After the children agreed that both glasses held the same amount of water, Piaget poured the water from one glass into a taller, narrower glass and then asked them about the amounts of water in each glass. Sally, in the __________ stage, says that the containers (even though they are different shapes) have the same amount of water.

__________ theorists stress that socialization contributes to false consciousness, which is a lack of awareness and a distorted perception of the reality of class as it affects all aspects of social life. Socialization reaffirms and reproduces the class structure in the next generation rather than challenging the conditions that presently exist.

Sociologist Melvin Kohn concluded that working-class parents, who are closely supervised and expected to follow orders at work, typically emphasize to their children the importance of __________.

Alfie Kohn has written on children and their self-esteem. Discuss this issue. How do Kohn's ideas remind us of the ideas of George Herbert Mead?

__________ is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. It may be voluntary or involuntary.

According to psychologist Sigmund Freud, the newborn child's personality is all __________, and from birth the child finds that urges for self-gratification such as wanting to be held, fed, or changed are not going to be satisfied immediately.